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Pattern of recurrence in rectal carcinoma: implications for the design of (future) studies on adjuvant therapy

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Abstract

255 patients who underwent potentially curative surgical treatment for rectal carcinoma at the Cantonal Hospital Aarau from 1981 to 1989 have been followed up and the results analysed for overall survival and the timing and occurrence of local and distant recurrence in relation to the initial tumor stage. The patients had received standard surgical treatment for rectal carcinoma with the exception of 28 patients who had been randomized to the treatment arm of SAKK protocol 40/81 and were given perioperative adjuvant portal chemotherapy. 10 patients with large fixed tumors had preoperative radiation therapy. In UICC stage I most patients were cured by surgery alone, local recurrence as rare, and distant metastases appear in about 10% of pT2. cases. In stage II about one fifth of the patients developed a recurrence with one third of them having only local recurrence, and two thirds having either combined local and distant recurrence or distant recurrence alone. The small subgroup of pT4 pN0 had a very poor prognosis with early occurrence of distant metastases. In stage III the actuarial five-year survival was 25%. 60% of stage III cases had pN1 nodal disease. No patient with pN2–3 disease was alive after five years follow-up. The overall risk of distant metastases in stage III was 64%. Local recurrence rate was highly dependent on the pT-stage. In 70% of patients who presented with local recurrence as the initial manifestation of treatment failure, distant metastases were detected within five months of the diagnosis of local recurrence. The median survival was 17 months after diagnosis of local recurrence and 7 months after diagnosis of metastases.

Résumé

255 patients ayant subi une intervention chirurgicale potentiellement curative pour cancer du rectum à l'hôpital cantonal d'Aarau entre 1981 et 1989 ont été suivis et les résultats analysés quant à la survie globale et le temps et la survenue de récidives locales ou à distance en relation avec le stade initial de la tumeur. Les patients ont eu un traitement chirurgical standard pour cancer du rectum à l'exception de 28 patients qui ont été randomisés dous le un bras de traitement du protocole SAKK 40–81 et ont reçu une chimiothérapie portale adjuvante périopératoire. 10 patients avec de grosses tumeurs fixées ont eu une radiothérapie préopératoire. Au stade I UICC la plupart des patients furent guéris par la chirurgie seule, les récidives locales étant rares et les métastases distantes apparaissant dans environ 10% des cas T2. Au stade II environ 1/5 des patients ont developpé une récidive dont 1/3 étaient seulement des récidives locales et 2/3 à la fois des récidìves locales et à distance ou des récidives à distance seules. Le petit sous groupe de T4 NO a eu un très mauvais pronostic avec la survenue précoce de métastases à distance. Au stade III la survie actuarielle à 5 ans fut de 25%. 60% des stades III avaient une maladie ganglionnaire N1. Aucun patient avec un stade N2–3 n'était en vie après 5 ans. Le risque total de métastases à distance au stade III était de 64%. Le taux de récidive locale était hautement dépendant du stade T. Dans 70% des cas se présentant avec des récidives locales comme première manifestation d'échec thérapeutique, des métastases à distance furent détectées dans les 5 mois après le diagnostic de la récidive locale. La survie médiane était de 17 mois après diagnostic de la récidive locale et de 7 mois après diagnostic de métastases.

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Barras, J.P., Bachmann, R. & Aeberhard, P. Pattern of recurrence in rectal carcinoma: implications for the design of (future) studies on adjuvant therapy. Int J Colorect Dis 8, 142–147 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00341187

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