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Effect of perioperative blood transfusions on survival of patients after radical surgery for colorectal cancer

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Abstract

The effect of perioperative blood transfusion on the survival of patients with colorectal cancer was evaluated in 128 patients undergoing curative surgery between 1980 and 1988. The following clinical and histopathological variables were also studied: age, sex, duration of symptoms, presence of intestinal obstruction, tumour site, extent of spread through the bowel wall, lymph node involvement, Dukes' stage, grade of differentiation, venous invasion and type of surgical procedure performed. The need for perioperative blood transfusion was unrelated to the stage of disease. In the transfused patients (n=73) the 5-year recurrence-free survival, calculated by the Kaplan-Meyer technique, was 37% and in the non-transfused (n=55) was 60% (P=0.0027, Mantel-Cox). Similar differences were found in the comparison of the groups with (n=68) and without (n=60) transfusions on the day of operation. The deleterious effect of transfusion was evident in patients who received only one unit of blood (n=19) — these had a 5-year survival rate of 45% compared those who had more than one unit of blood (n=54) (5-year survival rate 35%) (P=0.0062). With a multivariate analysis, using a Cox proportional hazard model, taking into account all the variables studied, a significant and independent effect on survival was found for lymph node involvement (beta coefficient=3.97), blood transfusion (beta coefficient=2.16) and extent of bowel wall spread (beta coefficient=1.75). This result leads to the conclusion that perioperative blood transfusion has had an adverse influence on prognosis and that this effect is dose related.

Résumé

L'effet des transfusions sanguines periopératoires sur la survie de 128 patients ayant un cancer colo-rectal, soumis à une résection à visée curative entre 1980 et 1988, a été étudié. Les variables cliniques et histopathologiques suivantes ont été soumises à une analyse multifactorielle: âge, sexe, durée des symptômes, présence de l'occlusion, localisation du tumeur, invasion pariétale et ganglionnaire, degré de différentiation, type du cancer et invasion veineuse et lymphatique. La necessité de transfusions sanguines periopératoires n'a pas eu de relation avec le stade tumoral. La survie (Kaplan-Meier) à 5 ans des malades ayant reçu des transfusions (n=73) a été de 37% par rapport à une survie de 60% des malades (n=55) pas transfusés (P=0,0027, Mantel-Cox). Des différences significatives ont aussi été retrouvées quand on a comparé les groupes ayant réçu (n=68) et n'ayant pas reçu (n=60) des transfusions seulement le jour de l'íntervention. L'effet nocif des transfusions s'est montré même chez les patients ayant reçu une seule unité de sang (n=19): leur survie à 5 ans a été de 45% significativemente différente (P=0,0062) de celle observée chez les malades ayant reçu plus qu'une unité (35%). L'analyse multifactorielle selon la methode de Cox tenant compte tous les facteurs étudiés, a montré que les variables suivantes ont influencié la survie d'une façon significative et indépendante: invasion ganglionnaire (coefficient beta=3,97), transfusions sanguines (coefficient beta=2,16) et invasion parietale (coefficient beta=1,75). Devant ces résultats on peut conclure que les transfusions periopératoires semblent aggraver, d'une façon statistiquement significative, le prognostique des patients ayant un cancer colo-rectal et que cet effet est cumulatif.

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Leite, J.F.M.S., Granjo, M.E.M., Martins, M.I. et al. Effect of perioperative blood transfusions on survival of patients after radical surgery for colorectal cancer. Int J Colorect Dis 8, 129–133 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00341184

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