Summary
The formation of mitochondrial-cytoplasmic complexes and their transformation into lipid droplets in the acid gland of Nasonia vitripennis is described. Electron microscopy and histochemistry show that lipid droplets are absent from acid glands in newly emerged, fed and re-fed insects. The droplets develop in the cytoplasm after varying periods of starvation and are not associated with acid phosphatase activity.
The mature lipid droplets are rarely associated with intact mitochondria and are probably the residual end-product of the mitochondrial-cytoplasmic associations. The possible role of the associations in the maintenance of mitochondrial function and structure is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Afzelius, B. A., and H. Mohri: Mitochondria respiring without exogenous substrate. A study of aged sea urchin spermatozoa. Exp. Cell Res. 42, 10–17 (1966).
Anderson, W. A.: Structure and fate of the paternal mitochondrion during early embryogenesis of Paracentrotus lividus. J. Ultrastruct. Res. 24, 311–321 (1968).
Athias, M.: Recherches sur les cellules interstitielles de l'ovaire des cheiroptères. Arch. Biol. (Paris) 30, 89–211 (1920).
Bak, I. J., and A. M. Elliot: Structural changes in the mitochondria of Tetrahymena pyriformis during the growth cycle. In: S. S. Breese Jr. (ed.), Vth Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy (Philadelphia), vol. 2, p. UU-13. New York and London: Academic Press 1962.
Baker, J. R.: The histochemical recognition of lipine. Quart. J. micr. Sci. 87, 441–470 (1946).
Black, M. M., and B. W. Wagner: Dynamic pathology, 1st ed., p. 36. Saint Louis: C. V. Mosby Co. 1964.
Bonga, S. E. W., and H. H. Boer: Ultrastructure of the reno-pericardial system in the pond snail Lymnaea stagnalis (L.). Z. Zellforsch. 94, 513–529 (1969).
Deane, H. W.: In: S. L. Palay (ed), Frontiers in cytology, p. 227–263. New Haven, Connecticut: Yale Univ. Press 1958.
Duncan, D., and W. Hild: Mitochondrial alterations in cultures of the central nervous system as observed with the electron microscope. Z. Zellforsch. 51, 126–137 (1960).
Elliot, A. M., and I. J. Bak: The fate of mitochondria during aging in Tetrahymena pyriformis. J. Cell Biol. 20, 113–129 (1964).
Fawcett, D. W.: Observations on the cytology and electron microscopy of hepatic cells. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 15, No 5 Suppl., 1475–1503 (1955).
Gansler, H., and C. Rouiller: Modifications physiologiques et patholoques du chondriome; étude au microscope électronique. Schweiz. Z. allg. Path. 19, 217–243 (1956).
Gomori, C.: Microscopic histochemistry, 3rd Impression. Chicago: Univ. Chicago Press 1958.
Hackenbrock, C. R.: Ultrastructural bases for metabolically linked mechanical activity in mitochondria. I. Reversible ultrastructural changes with changes in metabolic steady state in isolated liver mitochondria. J. Cell Biol. 30, 269–297 (1966).
Hartroft, W. S.: Electron microscopy of liver and kidney cells in dietary deficiencies. In: A.V.S. Reuck and J. Knight (eds), Ciba Foundation Symposium on Cellular Injury. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1964.
Herdson, P. B., P. J. Garvin, and R. B. Jennings: Fine structural changes produced in rat liver by partial starvation. Amer. J. Path. 45, 157–181 (1964).
Holter, H., and E. Zeuthen: Metabolism and reduced weight in starving Chaos chaos. C. R. Trav. Lab. Carlsberg, Sér. chim. 26, 277–296 (1948).
Hovasse, R.: In: E. G. Pringsheim, The loss of chromatophores in Euglena gracilis. New Phytol. 47, 52–87 (1948).
Karnovsky, M. J.: The fine structure of mitochondria in the frog nephron correlated with cytochrome oxidase activity. Exp. molec. Path. 2, 347–366 (1963).
Lever, J. D.: Electron microscope observations on the adrenal cortex. Amer. J. Anat. 97, 409–429 (1955).
—: The fine structure of brown adipose tissue in the rat with observations on the cytological changes following starvation and adrenalectomy. In: F. Sjøstrand and J. Rhodin (eds), Proc. Stockholm Conf. Electron Microscopy, 1956, p. 182. New York: Academic Press 1957.
Luft, J. H.: Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 409–414 (1961).
Ma, W. C.: A study of the mitochondrial elements of the spinal ganglion cells of beriberi fowls. Amer. J. Anat. 36, 215–233 (1925).
MacCallum, W. G.: A text book of pathology, 7th ed. Philadelphia, Pennsylvania: W. B. Saunders Co. 1941.
Napolitano, L., and D. Fawcett: The fine structure of brown adipose tissue in the newborn mouse and rat. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 4, 685–703 (1958).
Nath, V.: Histochemistry of lipides in oogenesis. Int. Rev. Cytol. 9, 305–320 (1960).
Oberling, C., and C. Rouiller: Les effects de l'intoxication aiguë au tetrachlorure de carbone sur le foie du rat. Ann. Anat. path. 1, 401–427 (1956).
Palade, G. E.: A study of fixation for electron microscopy. J. exp. Med. 95, 285–298 (1952).
—: Functional changes in the structure of cell components. In: T. Hayashi (ed.), Subcellular particles, p. 64–80. New York: Ronald Press Co. 1959.
—, and G. Schidlowsky: Functional association of mitochondria and lipide inclusions. Anat. Rec. 130, 352–353 (1958).
Parks, H. F.: Electron microscopic study of hepatic cells of mouse during starvation and recovery following starvation. Anat. Rec. 136, 255 (1960).
Ratcliffe, N. A., and P. E. King: Morphological, ultrastructural, histochemical and electrophoretic studies on the venom system of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Hymenoptera: Pteromalidae). J. Morph. 1969 (in press).
Reynolds, E. S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron-opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208–212 (1963).
Riemersma, J. C.: Osmium tetroxide fixation of lipids for electron microscopy: A possible reaction mechanism. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 1952, 718–727 (1968).
Roodyn, D. B.: Further study of factors affecting amino-acid incorporation into protein by isolated mitochondria. Biochem. J. 97, 782–793 (1965).
—, and D. Wilkie: In: K. Mellanby (ed.), The biogenesis of mitochondria, chapt. 3, p. 31–52 Bungay, Suffolk: Richard Clay (The Chaucer Press) Ltd. 1968.
Sabatini, D. D., K. G. Bensch, and R. J. Barrnett: Cytochemistry and electron microscopy. The preservation of cellular structures and enzymatic activity by aldehyde fixation. J. Cell Biol. 17, 19–58 (1963).
Scott, W. J. M.: Experimental mitochondrial changes in the pancreas in phosphorus poisoning. Amer. J. Anat. (Lond.) 20, 237–252 (1916/17).
Smith, R. E., and M. G. Farquhar: Lysosome function in the regulation of the secretory process in cells of the anterior pituitary gland. J. Cell Biol. 31, 319–347 (1966).
Svoboda, D. J., and J. Higginson: Ultrastructural changes produced by protein and related deficiencies in the rat liver. Amer. J. Path. 45, 353–379 (1964).
—, and R. T. Manning: Chronic alcoholism with fatty metamorphosis of the liver. Amer. J. Path. 44, 645–662 (1964).
Swift, H., and Z. Hruban: Focal degradation as a biological process. Fed. Proc. 23, 1026–1037 (1964).
Trump, B. F., and J. L. E. Ericsson: Some ultrastructural and biochemical consequences of cell injury. In: B. W. Zweifach, L. Grant, and R. T. McCluskey (eds), The inflammatory process, chapt. 2, p. 35–120. New York and London: Academic Press 1965.
Whiting, P. W.: A parasitic wasp and its host for genetics instruction and for biology courses. Carolina Tips 18, 13–16 (1955).
Wigglesworth, V. B.: The use of osmium in fixation and staining of tissues. Proc. roy. Soc. B 147, 185–199 (1957).
—: Cytological changes in the fat body of Rhodnius during starvation, feeding and oxygen want. J. Cell Sci. 2, 243–256 (1967).
Wilson, J. W., and E. H. Leduc.: Mitochondrial changes in the liver of essential fatty acid-deficient mice. J. Cell Biol. 16, 281–296 (1963).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
We are indebted to Professor E. W. Knight-Jones in whose Department the work was carried out and to the Scientific Research Council for financial assistance to one of us (N.A.R.).
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ratcliffe, N.A., King, P.E. Ultrastructural changes in the mitochondria of the acid gland of Nasonia vitripennis (Walker) (Pteromalidae: Hymenoptera) induced by starvation. Z. Zellforsch. 99, 459–468 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337615
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00337615