Abstract
Hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid: HA) was demonstrated and quantified in small bowel tissue at different times after small bowel transplantation. Semiallogeneic or semisyngeneic rat models were used to elicit either unidirectional graft rejection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). In normal rat small bowel, HA was present in the villous lamina propria and around medium-sized vessels in the interstitium of the crypt area. During graft rejection a cellular infiltrate and edema appeared in the lamina propria in the crypt area where an accumulation of HA was also demonstrated. There was progressive accumulation of HA in the small bowel during rejection, and on day 6 there was a threefold increase compared to the values in syngeneic grafts. The increase in tissue HA was paralleled by an increase in the total water content of the rejecting graft. In specimens from animals suffering from GVHD, no significant changes in water or HA content and distribution were observed until day 12. The data suggest that accumulation of HA might contribute to the pathophysiology of the transplantation edema and that HA might be of potential diagnostic value in differentiating between graft rejection and GVHD.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bjermer L, Engström-Laurent A, Lundgren R, Rosenhall L, Hällgren R (1987) Hyaluronate and type III procollagen peptide concentrations in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid as a marker of disease activity in the lung. BMJ 295:803–806
Brown WR, Barclay AN, Sunderland CA, Williams AF (1978) Identification of a glycophorin-like molecule at the cell surface of rat thymocytes. Nature 289:456
Comper WD, Laurent TC (1978) Physiological function of connective tissue polysaccharides. Physiol Rev 58:255–315
Engström-Laurent A, Feltelius N, Hällgren R, Wasteson Å (1985) Elevated serum hyaluronate in scleroderma: an effect of growth factor induced activation of connective tissue cells. Ann Rheum Dis 44:614–620
Gerdin B, Hällgren R (1991) Localization of hyaluronan in the human intestinal wall. Gut 32:760–762
Grant D, Lamont D, Zhong R, Garcia B, Wang P, Stiller C, Duff J (1989) 51Cr-EDTA: A marker of early intestinal rejection in the rat. J Surg Res 46:507–514
Hällgren R, Gerdin B, Tengblad A, Tufveson G (1990) Accumulation of hyaluronan (hyaluronic acid) in myocardial interstitial tissue parallels development of transplantation edema in heart allografts in rats. J Clin Invest 85:668–673
Hällgren R, Gerdin B, Tufveson G (1990) Hyaluronic accumulation and redistribution in rejecting kidney grafts. J Exp Med 171:2063–2076
Hamerman D, Wood DD (1984) Interleukin 1 enhances synovial cell hyaluronate synthesis. Proc Soc Exp Biol Med 177:205–210
Hascall VC (1977) Interaction of cartilage proteoglycans with hyaluronic acid. J Supramol Struct 7:101–120
Heldin T, Laurent TC, Heldin C-H (1989) Effect of growth factors on hyaluronan synthesis in cultured human fibroblasts. Biochem J 258:919–922
Jacobsson J, Wahlberg J, Frödin L, Odlind B, Tufveson G (1989) Organ flush out solutions and cold storage preservation solutions: effect on organ cooling and post ischemic erythrocyte trapping in kidney grafts. Scand J Urol Nephrol 23:219–222
Kim PCW, Levy GA, Craig M, Cullen J, Cohen Z (1990) Characterization of immune responses in different lymphoid compartments during small intestinal allograft rejection. Am J Surg 169:161–166
Kirkman RL, Lear PM, Mandara JL, Tilney NL (1984) Small intestine transplantation in the rat — immunology and function. Surgery 96:280–287
Kovacs EJ (1991) Fibrinogenic cytokines: the role of immune mediators in the development of scar tissue. Immunol Today 12:17
Lebel L, Smith L, Risberg B, Gerdin B, Laurent TC (1988) Effect of increased hydrostatic pressure on lymphatic elimination of hyaluronan from sheep lung. J Appl Physiol 64:1327–1332
McMaster RW, Williams AF (1979) Monoclonal antibodies to la antigens from rat thymus: cross reactions with mouse and human use in purification of rat la glycoproteins. Immunol Rev 47:117–137
Nettelbladt O, Tengblad A, Hällgren R (1989) Lung accumulation of hyaluronan parallels pulmonary edema in experimental alveolitis. Am J Physiol 257:L379–384
Reed RK, Laurent TC, Taylor AE (1990) Hyaluronan in prenodal lymph from skin: changes with lymph flow. Am J Physiol 259:H 1097–1100
Ripellino JA, Klinger MM, Margolis RU, Margolis RK (1985) The hyaluronic acid binding region as a specific probe for the localization of hyaluronic acid in tissue sections. J Histochem Cytochem 33:1060–1066
Schraut WH (1988) Current status of small-bowel transplantation. Gastroenterology 94:525–538
Silverman R, Cohen Z, Levy G, Craig M, Cullen J, Langer B (1987) Immune responses in small intestinal transplantation in the rat: correlation of histopathology and monocyte procoagulant activity. Surgery 102:395–401
Sternberger LA (1979) Immunocytochemistry. Wiley, New York
Tengblad A (1980) Quantitative analysis of hyaluronate in nanogram amounts. Biochem J 185:101–105
Wallander J, Holtz A, Larsson E, Gerdin B, Läckgren G, Tufveson G (1988) Small-bowel transplantation in the rat with a non suture cuff technique: technical and immunological considerations. Transpl Int 1:135–139
Wallander J, Scheynius A, Läckgren G, Tufveson G (1990) Immunomorphology of graft-versus-host disease after small bowel transplantation in the rat. Scand J Immunol 32:93–101
Yaron M, Yaron I, Wiletzki C, Zor U (1978) Interrelationship between stimulation of prostaglandin E and hyaluronate production by poly(I)-poly(C) and interferon in synovial fibroblast culture. Arthritis Rheum 21:694–698
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
About this article
Cite this article
Wallander, J., Hällgren, R., Scheynius, A. et al. Intestinal distribution of hyaluronan in small bowel allografting in the rat. Transpl Int 6, 133–137 (1993). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336355
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00336355