Summary
Naumov (1971, 1972, 1976) characterized two complementing functions required for maltose fermentation: MALp and MALg. The presence of either function alone is not sufficient to allow for the fermentation of maltose but diploids heterozygous for these loci were able to ferment. Using MALp, MALg and mal 0 tester strains obtained from Naumov (a mal 0 strain is a non-fermenting strain which does not complement either MALp or MALg strains), we have performed a genetic analysis on the maltose fermenting strains 4059 (MAL1) and 1412-4D (MAL3). These strains were shown to contain both the dominant MAL1 or MAL3 locus and an additional cryptic MALg. The presence of the dominant MAL1 or MAL3 locus alone is sufficient to enable the strain to ferment maltose and thus must contain both the MALp and MALg functions. The expression of the cryptic MALg in each strain must therefore be dependent upon the MALp function linked to the dominant locus. In 4059, the cryptic MALg locus is linked to the MAL3 locus and is thus denoted MAL3g. In 1412-4D, the cryptic MALg locus is linked to the MAL1 locus and is thus denoted MAL1g. Gel transfer analysis of these strains was able to detect genomic HindIII fragment linked to both the dominant MAL loci and the MALg loci using a probe derived from the MAL6 locus of the Saccharomyces strain CB11. The significance of this result with regard to the genome organization of the MAL loci is discussed.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barnett JA (1976) The utilization of sugars by yeasts. Adv Carbohydr Chem Biochem 32:126–234
Carlson M, Botstein D (1981) Organization of the SUC gene family in Saccharomyces. Mol Cell Biol 3:351–359
Cryer DF, Eccleshall TR, Marmur J (1975) Isolation of high molecular weight DNA from yeast. J Meth Cell Biol 12:39–44
de Kroon RA, Koningsberger VV (1970) An inducible transport system for α-glucosides in protoplasts of Saccharomyces carlesbergensis. Biochim Biophys Acta 204:590–609
Federoff HJ, Cohen JD, Eccleshall TR, Needleman RB, Buchferer BA, Giacalone J, Marmur J (1982) Isolation of a maltase structural gene from Saccharomyces carlesbergensis. J Bacteriol 149:1064–1070
Hicks JB, Strathern JN, Klar A (1979) Transposable mating type genes in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Nature 282:478–483
Hereford LM, Fahrner K, Woolford J Jr, Roshash M, Kaback DB (1979) Isolation of yeast histone genes 2A and 2B. Cell 18:1261–1271
Ingolia TD, Slater MR, Craig EA (1982) Saccharomyces cerevisiae contains a complex multigene family related to the major heat shock-inducible gene of Drosophila. Mol Cell Biol 2:1388–1398
Mortimer RK, Hawthorne DC (1969) Yeast genetics. In: Rose AH, Harrison JS (eds) The yeasts, vol 1. Academic Press, Inc, New York, pp 385–460
Mortimer RK, Schild D (1980) Genetics map of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microb Rev 44:519–571
Naumov GI (1971) Comparative genetics in yeast V. Complementation in the MAL1 locus in Saccharomyces which do not utilize maltose. Genetika 7:141–148
Naumov GI (1972) Comparative genetics of yeasts VII. Identification of mutations which block the utilization of maltose in natural Saccharomyces mutants. Vestn Mosk Gos Univ Biol, Pochvovodenie 3:34–38
Naumov GI (1976) Comparative genetics of yeasts XVI. Genes for maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlesbergensis. Genetika 12:87–100
Needleman RB, Michels CA (1983) A repeated family of genes controlling maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Mol Cell Biol 3:796–802
Oshima Y (1967) The inter-cistronic complementation of the polymetric genes for maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces. J Fermen Technol (Japan) 45:550–565
Rigby PWJ, Dieckmann M, Rhodes C, Berg P (1977) Labeling deoxyribonucleic acid to high specific activity in vitro by nick translation with DNA polymerase I. J Mol Biol 113:237–251
Sherman F, Fink GR, Hicks J (1981) Methods in yeast genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratories, Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Southern EM (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98:503–517
ten Berge AMA, Zoutewelle G, van de Poll KW (1973a) Regulation of maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlesbergensis. I. The function of the gene MAL6, as recognized by MAL6 mutants. Mol Gen Genet 123:233–246
ten Berge AMA, Zoutewelle G, van de Poll KW, Bloemers HPJ (1973b) Regulation of maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlesbergensis. II. Properties of a constitutive MAL6 mutant. Mol Gen Genet 125:139–146
van Wijk R, Ouwehand J, van de Bos T, Koningsberger VV (1969) Induction and catabolite repression of α-glucosidase synthesis in protoplasts of Saccharomyces carlesbergensis. Biochim Biophy Acta 186:178–191
Zimmerman FK, Eaton NR (1974) Genetics of induction and catabolite repression of maltase synthesis in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet 134:261–272
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G. Fink
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Michels, C.A., Needleman, R.B. A genetic and physical analysis of the MAL1 and MAL3 standard strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Mol Gen Genet 191, 225–230 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334818
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334818