Abstract
The study illustrates the ecological determinants and evolutionary consequences of dispersal in the pond-living water beetle Dineutus assimilis (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). Over 2 years, local populatiopn dynamics were studied in 51 ponds within a 60-km2 study area. In most of the 31 occupied ponds, and even in large populations, abundances changed dramatically from one year to the next. Nine extinction and nine colonisation events were observed. These temporal patterns show no sign of spatial autocorrelation. Such a habitat distribution should favour high dispersal rates. Indeed, D. assimilis was found to be a very effective coloniser of newly available sites (mean propagule size: 23). A mark-recapture study showed that most dispersal occurred after diapause and over distances ranging from 100 m to at least 20 km. Yet despite frequent movement, the local variability in environmental conditions maintiins a large variance in average reproductive success per pond. Furthermore, immigration rates vary widely within a season. The apparent lack of correlation between these two sources of variation should greatly strengthen the role of drift in this system. A companion paper (Nürnberger and Harrison 1995) documents a non-random distribution of mitochondrial haplotypes due to recent population bottlenecks.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barton NH (1993) The probability of fixation of a favoured allele in a subdivided population. Genet Res 62:149–157
Barton NH, Whitlock MC (1996) The evolution of metapopulations. In: Hanski IA, Gilpin ME (eds) Metapopulation dynamics: ecology, genetics, and evolution. Academic Press, San Diego (in press)
Batschelet E (1981) Circular statistics in biology. Academic Press, London
Benfield EF (1972) A defensive secretion of Dineutus discolor (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). Ann Ent Soc Am 65:713–715
Boer PJ den (1968) Spreading of risk and stabilization of animal numbers. Acta Biotheor 18:165–194
Cheo MT (1993) Studies on the biology of family Gyrinidae. Ph D thesis, Cornell University
Cohen D, Levin SA (1987) The interaction between dispersal and dormancy strategies in varying and heterogeneous environments. In: Teramoto E (ed) International symposium on mathematical biology. Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York, pp 110–122
Cohen D, Levin SA (1991) Dispersal in patchy environments — the effects of temporal and spatial structure. Theor Popul Biol 39:63–99
Comins HN, Hamilton WD, May RM (1980) Evolutionary stable dispersal strategies. J Theor Biol 82:205–230
Dempster ER (1955) Maintenance of genetic heterozygosity. Cold Spring Harbour Symp Quant Biol 20:25–32
Douglas ME, Ender JA (1982) Quantitative matrix comparisons in ecological and evolutionary investigations. J Theor Biol 99:777–795
Eijk RH van der (1983) Population dynamics of gyrined beetles. I. Flight activity of Gyrinus marinus Gyll. (Col., Gyrinidae). Oecologia 57:55–64
Ferkinhoff W, Gundersen R (1983) A key to the whirligig beetles of Minnesota and adjacent states and Canadian provinces (Coleoptera: Gyrinidae). The Science Museum of Minnesota, Saint Paul
Fritz RS (1979) Consequences of insular population structure: distribution and extinction in spruce grouse populations. Oecologia 42:57–65
Hamilton WD, May RM (1977) Dispersal in stable habitats. Nature 269:578–581
Hanski I (1983) Coexistence of competitors in patchy environment. Ecology 64:493–500
Hanski I (1987) Colonization of ephemeral habitats. In: Gray A, Crawley M, Edwards P (eds) Colonization, succession, and stability. Blackwell, Oxford, pp 155–186
Hanski I, Gilpin M (1991) Metapopulation dynamics: brief history and conceptual domain. Biol J Linn Soc 42:3–16
Hanski I, Kuussaari M, Nieminen M (1994) Metapopulation structure and migration in the butterfly Melitaea cinxia. Ecology 75:747–762
Hanski I, Woiwod IP (1993) Spatial synchrony in the dynamics of moth and aphid populations. J Anim Ecol 62:656–668
Harrison RG (1980) Dispersal polymorphisms in insects. Annu Rev Ecol Syst 11:95–118
Harrison S (1991) Local extinction in a metapopulation context: an empirical evaluation. Biol J Linn Soc 42:73–88
Harrison S, Murphy DD, Ehrlich PR (1988) Distribution of the bay checkerspot butterfly (Euphydryas editha bayensis): evidence for a metapopulation model. Am Nat 132:360–382
Hatch MH (1925) An outline of the ecology of Gyrinidae. Bull Brooklyn Entomol Soc 20:101–114
Heinrich B, Vogt FD (1980) Aggregation and foraging behavior of whirligig beetles (Gyrinidae). Behav Ecol Sociobiol 7:179–186
Istock CA (1966) Distribution, coexistence, and competition of whirligig beetles. Evolution 20:211–234
Krebs CJ (1989) Ecological methodology. Harper and Row, New York
Leech HB, Chandler HP (1956) Aquatic coleoptera. In: Usinger R (ed) Aquatic insects of California. University of California Press, Berkeley, pp 293–371
Levin SA (1974) Dispersion and population interaction. Am Nat 108:207–228
Levin SA, Cohen D, Hastings A (1984) Dispersal strategies in patchy environments. Theor Popul Biol 26:165–191
Levins R (1970) Extinction. In: Gerstenhaber M (ed) Some mathematical problems in biology. American Mathematical Society, Providence, pp 75–107
Mantel N (1967) The detection of disease clustering and a generalized regression approach. Cancer Res 27:209–220
Maynard Smith J (1982) Evolution and the theory of games. Cambridge University Press, Cambridge
McCauley DE (1991) Genetic consequences of local population extinction and recolonization. Trends Ecol Evol 6:5–8
McPeek MA, Holt RD (1992) The evolution of dispersal in spatially and temporally varying environments. Am Nat 140:1010–1027
Meinwald J, Opheim K, Eisner T (1972) Gyrinidal: a sesquiterpenoid aldehyde from the defensive glands of gyrinid beetles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 69:1208–1210
Michalakis Y, Olivieri I (1993) The influence of local extinctions on the probability of fixation of chromosomal rearrangements. J Evol Biol 6:153–170
Nürnberger B (1991) Population structure of Dineutus assimilis in a patchy environment: dispersal, gene flow, and persistence. Ph.D. thesis, Cornell University
Nürnberger B, Harrison RG (1995) Spatial population structure in the whirligig beetle Dineutus assinilis: evolutionary inferences based on mtDNA and field data. Evolution 49:266–275
Palmer AR, Strathmann RR (1981) Scale of dispersal in varying environments and its implications for life histories of marine invertebrates. Oecologia 48:308–318
Roff DA (1975) Population stability and the evolution of dispersal in a heterogeneous environment. Oecologia 19:217–237
Roff DA, Fairbairn DJ (1991) Wing dimorphism and the evolution of migratory polymorphism among the insecta. Am Zool 31:243–251
Schildknecht H, Tauscher B, Krauss D (1972) Der Duftstoff des Taumelkäfers Gyrinus natator. L. Chem-Zt Chem Appl 96:33–35
Schoener TW, Spiller DA (1987) High population persistence in a system with high turnover. Nature 330:474–477
Seger J, Brockmann HJ (1987) What is bet-hedging? In: Harvey PH, Partridge L (eds) Oxford surveys in evolutionary biology, vol. 4. Oxford University Press, Oxford, pp 182–211
Sjögren Gulve P (1994) Distribution and extinction patterns within a northern metapopulation of the pool frog, Rana lessonae. Ecology 75:1357–1367
Slatkin M (1974) Competition and regional coexistence. Ecology 55:128–134
Smith HB (1926) Notes on the behavior of Dineutus americanus. Psyche 33:156–161
Sokal RR (1979) Testing statistical significance of geographic variation patterns. Syst Zool 28:227–232
Southwood TRE (1977) Habitat, the templet for ecological strategies? Anim Ecol 46:337–365
Svensson BW (1985) Local extinction and re-immigration of whirligig beetles (Coleoptera, Gyrinidae). Ecology 66:1837–1848
Taylor AD (1988) Large-scale spatial structure and population dynamics in arthropod predator-prey systems. Ann Zool Fenn 26:63–74
Taylor LR (1986) Synoptic dynamics, migration and the Rothamsted insect survey. J Anim Ecol 55:1–38
Wade MJ, McCauley DE (1988) Extinction and recolonization: their effects on the genetic differentiation of local populations. Evolution 42:995–1005
Whitlock MC (1992) Temporal fluctuations in demographic parameters and the genetic variance among populations. Evolution 46:608–615
Wilson CB (1923) Water beetles in relation to pondfish culture, with the histories of those found in fishponds at Faiport, Iowa. Bull US Bur Fish 39:231–345
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Nürnberger, B. Local dynamics and dispersal in a structured population of the whirligig beetle Deneutus assimilis . Oecologia 106, 325–336 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334560
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00334560