Summary
We have undertaken a systematic study to test the transformation of various species of gram-negative bacteria using the electroporation method. The data obtained show very clearly that a great variety of gram-negative bacteria — 15 different species belonging to 11 different genera — including freshly isolated wild-type strains can be transformed efficiently by use of the electric-field mediated transformation technique. These include species of the families Enterobacteriaceae, Pseudomonadaceae, Rhizobiaceae, photosynthetic bacteria and strains for which transformation could not be achieved, up to now, by other methods.
References
Bagdasarian M, Lurz R, Bückert B, Franklin FCH, Bagdasarian M-M, Frey J, Timmis KN (1981) Specific-purpose plasmid cloning vectors: broad host range, high copy number, RSF1010-derived vectors, and a host-vector system for gene cloning in Pseudomonas. Gene 16:237–247
Chassy BM, Flickinger JL (1987) Transformation of Lactobacillus casei by electroporation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 44:173–177
Claus D, Lack P, Neu B (1983) Deutsche Sammlung von Mikroorganismen — Catalogue of Strains 1983. Gesellschaft für Biotechnologische Forschung mbH, Braunschweig
Dower JW, Miller FJ, Ragsdale WC (1988) High efficiency transformation of E. coli by high voltage electroporation. Nucleic Acids Res 16:6127–6145
Fiedler S, Wirth R (1988) Transformation of bacteria with plasmid DNA by electroporation. Anal Biochem 170:38–44
Harlander SK (1987) Transformation of Streptococcus lactis by electroporation. In: Ferretti JJ, Curtiss III R (eds) Streptococcal Genetics. American Society for Microbiology, Washington DC, p 229–233
Krieg NR, Holt JG (1984) In: Tansill B (ed) Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology, vol 1. Williams and Wilkins, Baltimore, pp 1–18
MacNeil DJ (1987) Introduction of plasmid DNA into Streptomyces lividans by electroporation. FEMS Microbiol Lett 42:239–244
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) In: Molecular Cloning. A laboratory manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press Cold Spring Harbor, New York
Wirth R, An FY, Clewell DB (1986) Highly efficient protoplast transformation system for Streptococcus faecalis and a new Escherichia coli-S. faecalis shuttle vector. J Bacteriol 165:831–836
Zimmerman U (1982) Electric field-mediated fusion and related electrical phenomena. Biochim Biophys Acta 694:227–277
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by J.W. Lengeler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Wirth, R., Friesenegger, A. & Fiedler, S. Transformation of various species of gram-negative bacteria belonging to 11 different genera by electroporation. Mol Gen Genet 216, 175–177 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00332248
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00332248