Summary
Of 65 patients with neurological disorders examined with rapid serial angiography of the carotid artery, 24 had normal cerebral arteries, 17 atherosclerosis, 11 arterial ectasia and 13 both kinds of vascular changes. These patients were examined for hemispherical rCBF determination on the same occasion, using the 133Xenon clearance method. Primarily, the patients were examined without general anaesthesia, and they did not have acute illness, trauma, or angiographic evidence of a focal intracranial lesion. In addition, other parameters such as arterial size, ventricular size, cerebral circulation time, age, and sex were determined.
All these data were studied statistically in a series of multiple regression analyses with a computer. No significant differences in rCBF could be found between cases with ectasia, atherosclerosis and without any kind of vascular changes. However, the mean value of rCBF in patients with atherosclerosis and in patients with intracranial ectasia was below the normal mean value, although it did not differ significantly from this value. Nor was any influence on the rCBF found in patients with marked stenosis of the internal carotid artery and those with slight stenosis.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Azambuja, N., Tenyi, A., Bowarzinki, J.: Radiologia de las deformaciones de la arteia carótida interna en el cuello. J. Rioplanense Radiologia (1963). Quoted by Weibel and Fields
Bergvall, U., Galera, R.: Time relationship between subarachnoid haemorraghe, arterial spasm, changes in cerebral circulation and posthaemorrhagic hydrocephalus. Acta radiol. diagn., 9, 229–237 (1969)
Boström, K., Greitz, T.: Kinking of the internal carotid artery. A roentgenologic and histologic study. Acta radiol. diagn. 6, 105–112 (1967)
Boysen, G.: Cerebral blood flow measurement as a safeguard during carotid endarterectomy. Stroke 2, 1–10 (1971)
Boysen, G.: Cerebral hemodynamics in carotid surgery. Acta neurol. scand., 49 Suppl. 59 (1973)
Christensen, M. S., Hedt-Rasmussen, K., Lassen, N. A.: Cerebral vasodilatation by halothane anaesthesia in man and its potentiation by hypotension and hypercapnia. Brit. J. Anaesth., 39, 927–934 (1967)
Crawford, E. S., Wukasch, D. W., De Bakey, M. E.: Hemodynamic changes associated with carotid artery occlusion — an experimental and clinical study. Cardiov. Res. Cent. Bul., 1, 3–10 (1962)
Cronqvist, S., Ekberg, R., Ingvar, D. H.: Regional cerebral blood flow related to neuroradiological findings. Acta neurol. scand. Supp. 14, 176–178 (1965)
Cronqvist, S.: Regional cerebral blood flow and angiography in apoplexy. Acta radiol. diagn. 7, 521–534 (1968)
Cronqvist, S., Greitz, T.: Cerebral circulation time and cerebral blood flow. Comparison of angiography and the 133Xenon technique. Acta radiol. diagn. 8, 296–304 (1969)
Delin, N. A., Ekeström, S., Telenius, R.: Relation of degree of internal carotid artery stenosis to blood flow and pressure gradient. An angiographic and surgical study in man. Invest. Radiol. 5, 337–344 (1968)
Ekbom, K., Greitz, T., Kugelberg, E.: Hydrocephalus due to ectasia of the basilar artery. J. neurol. Sci. 8, 465–477 (1969)
Engell, H. C., Boysen, G., Ladegård-Pedersen, H. J., Henriksen, H.: Cerebral blood flow before and after carotid endarterectomy. Vasc. Surg. 6, 14–19 (1972)
Gabrielsen, T. O., Greitz, T.: Normal size of the internal carotid, middle cerebral and anterior cerebral arteries. Acta radiol. diagn. 10, 1–10 (1970)
Greitz, T., Löfstedt, S.: The realtionship between the third ventricle and the basilar artery. Acta radiol. 42, 85–100 (1954)
Greitz, T.: A radiologic study of the brain circulation by rapid serial angiography of the carotid artery. Acta radiol., Suppl. 140 (1956)
Greitz, T.: Normal cerebral circulation time as determined by carotid angiography with sodium and methylglucamine diatrizoate (Urografin). Acta radiol. diagn. 7, 331–336 (1968)
Greitz, T.: Cerebral blood flow in occult hydrocephalus studied with angiography and the Xenon 133 clearance method. Acta radiol. diagn. 8, 376–384 (1969)
Greitz, T., Ekbom, K., Kugelberg, E., Breig, A.: Occult hydrocephalus due to ectasia of the basilar artery. Acta radiol. diagn. 9, 310–316 (1969)
Hultén-Gyllensten, I. L., Löfstedt, S., von Reis, G.: Observations on generalized arteriectasis. Acta med. scand. 163, 125–132 (1959)
Høedt-Rasmussen K.: 85Kr and 133Xe injected intra-arterially to measure regional blood flow in brain. In: Fellinger K. and Höfer R.: (eds) Radioaktive Isotope in Klinik und Forschung. Band IV, 232–239. München, Berlin: Urban und Schwarzenberg 1965
Høedt-Rasmussen, K., Sveinsdottir, E., Lassen, N. A.: Regional cerebral blood flow in man determined by intra-arterial injection of radioactive inert gas. Circulat. Res. 18, 237–247 (1966)
Høedt-Rasmussen, K., Skinhøj, E., Paulsen, O. B., Ewald, J., Bjerrum, J. K., Fahrenkrug, A., Lassen, N. A.: Regional cerebral blood flow in acute apoplexy. The “luxury perfusion syndrome” of brain tissue. Arch. neurol., (Chic.) 17, 271–281 (1967)
Ingvar, D. H., Cronqvist, S., Ekberg, R., Risberg, J., Høedt-Rasmussen, K.: Normal values of regional cerebral blood flow in man, including flow and weight estimates of gray and white matter. A preliminary summery. Acta neurol. scand. 41, Suppl. 14, 72–78 (1965)
Lassen, N. A.: Cerebral blood flow and oxygen consumption in man. Physiol. Rev. 39, 183–238 (1959)
Lassen, N. A., Høedt-Rasmussen, K., Sørensen, S. C., Skinhøj, E., Cronqvist, S., Bodforss, B., Ingvar, D. H.: Regional cerebral blood flow in man determined by krypton. Neurology (Minneap.) 13, 719–727 (1963)
Lassen, N. A., Høedt-Rasmussen, K.: Human cerebral blood flow measured by two inert gas techniques. Comparison of the Kety-Schmidt method and intraarterial injection method. Circulat. Res. 19, 681–694 (1966)
Mann, F. C., Herrick, J. F., Essex, H. E., Baldes, F.: The effect on the blood flow of decreasing the lumen of a blood vessel. Surgery 4, 249–252 (1938)
May, A. G., de Weese, J. A., Rob, C. G.: Hemodynamic effects of arterial stenosis. Surgery 53, 513–524 (1963)
Mc Dowall, D. G.: The effects of clinical concentrations of halothane on the blood flow and oxygen uptake of the cerebral cortex. Brit. J. Anaesth. 39, 186–196 (1967)
Paulsen, O. B.: Cerebral apoplexy (Stroke): Pathogenesis, pathophysiology and therapy as illustrated by regional blood flow measurements in the brain. Stroke 2, 327–360 (1971)
Ryttman, A. J.: Influence of arterial ectasia and ventricular size on cerebral blood flow. A preliminary report. Neuroradiology 4, 185–189 (1972)
Skinhøj, E., Høedt-Rasmussen, K., Paulsen, O. B., Lassen, N. A.: Regional blood flow and its autoregulation in patients with transient focal cerebral ischemic attacks. Neurology (Minneap.) 20, 485–493 (1970)
Sveinsdottir, E.: Clearance curves of 85Kr or 133Xe considered as a sum of monoexponential outwash functions. Description of a computer program for the simple case of only two compartments. Acta neurol. scand. 41 Suppl. 14, 69–71 (1965)
Tindall, G. T., Odom, G. L., Cupp, H. B., Dillon, M. L.: Studies on carotid artery flow and pressure. J. Neurosurg. 19, 917–923 (1962)
Torvik, A.: De cerebrovaskulaere sykdommers patogenese. Farmakoterapi Hefte 2, 38–47 (1972)
Weibel, J., Fields, W. S.: Tortuosity, coiling and kinking of the internal carotid artery. Etiology and radiographic anatomy. Neurology 15, 7–18 (1965)
Wilkinson, M. S., Bull, J. W. D., du Boulay, G. H., Marshall, R. W., Ross Russel, R. W., Symon, L.: Regional blood flow in the normal cerebral hemisphere. J. Neurol. Neurosurg. Psychiat. 32, 367–378 (1969)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ryttman, A. The influence of atherosclerosis and ectasia on cerebral blood flow. Neuroradiology 11, 41–48 (1976). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327257
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00327257