Summary
Melicow and Koss described field changes of the urothelium in cystectomy specimens. To search for early field changes we started a prospective study in 39 patients when they initially presented with bladder tumors. The pathologist confirmed the diagnosis of transitional cell carcinoma in 34. Cold-cup biopsies were taken in all 39 patients from both lateral walls, the dome, from normal-appearing mucosa 2 cm adjacent to the tumor, and from the tumor itself. These biopsies were classified according to the presence of cellular and histological characteristics of anaplasia given by the WHO group on bladder tumors [8]. A semiquantitative study based on these criteria revealed three patterns of field changes, called the F-classification.
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Felderhof, J.F., Scholtmeijer, R.J., de Voogt, H.J. et al. Towards an F-classification of bladder tumors. World J Urol 1, 74–76 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00326746
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00326746