Summary
Carcinoma-in-situ of the bladder is a complex intraurothelial neoplasm. Although histologically confined to the superficial urothelium, the natural history of the lesion is unpredictable. In its most aggressive form, it is a diffuse field change process characterized by unremitting irritative voiding symptoms and is a harbinger of early muscle invasion. On the other hand, histologically identical, but focal CIS may be completely asymptomatic and remain dormant for decades without evidence of invasion or progression. The following review will address the pathologic, diagnostic, prognostic and therapeutic dilemmas facing the urologist in dealing with CIS.
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Babayan, R.K., Krane, R.J. Carcinoma in situ of the bladder. World J Urol 1, 70–73 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00326745
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00326745