Mécanisme cytologique de la tétraploïdie expérimentale chez le Triton Pleurodeles waltlii

Abstract

When the eggs of the newt Pleurodeles waltlii, at the beginning of the first furrow formation, are submitted for 10 minutes to a sudden increase in temperature (37.2 to 37.3°C), the subsequently developing embryos are tetraploid. The percentage obtained of viable individuals is about 30% of the number of treated eggs. A temperature between 36.2 and 36.4°C applied at the same period and for the same length of time may lead to viable animals diplo-tetraploid mosaics as previously reported. — Cytological examination showed that at the formation of the first furrow the egg contains two interphase nuclei. During heat treatment, cytoplasmic cleavage regresses resulting in an uncleaved egg with two interphase nuclei. About 21/2 hours after heat treatment the egg divides again into two cells. Tetraploidy results from doubling of chromosomes of both nuclei instead of the second mitotic division. The mechanism which leads to tetraploidy consists in inhibition of the movement of the two asters and aberration of spindle formation. — The mosaic animals develop from eggs in which only one of the nuclei became tetraploid while the other one divided normally.