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Arthroscopy in the diagnosis of acute injuries to the knee joint

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Summary

This study evaluates the role of arthroscopy in the diagnosis of acute injuries to the knee. One hundred and fifty four patients with a suspected ligament injury or effusion of the knee joint underwent arthroscopy. A haemarthrosis was present in 82% and a bloodless effusion in 10%. Meniscal tears were found in 19% of the knees. Fresh ligament ruptures were present in 71% and an associated haemarthrosis in 95% of these; 65% were partial tears. The commonest isolated lesion was a complete or partial tear of the anterior cruciate, which occurred in 15% of cases. More than one ligament injury occurred in 56%, the commonest combination being tears of the anterior cruciate and medial collateral ligaments. In a high percentage of cases, arthroscopy revealed unsuspected injuries of significance in management. In 39%, an open or closed procedure followed arthroscopy. There were no complications from the diagnostic arthroscopy. We conclude that arthroscopy provides a more accurate diagnosis than clinical examination alone, and is especially valuable for assessing the patient with a haemarthrosis of the knee.

Résumé

Le but cette étude est d'évaleur le rôle de l'arthroscopie dans le diagnostic des lésions traumatiques récentes du genou. Cent cinquante et un sujets chez lesquels on pouvait soupçonner une lésion ligamentaire ou un épanchement du genou ont subi une arthroscopie. Il existait une hémarthrose dans 82% des cas et une hydarthrose dans 10%. On a découvert une déchirure d'un ménisque dans 19% des genoux. Il y avait une rupture ligamentaire récente dans 71% des cas, et chez 95% d'entre eux une hémarthrose y était associée. La lésion isolée la plus fréquente était la rupture, partielle ou complète du ligament croisé antérieur, qui existait dans 15% des cas. On notait l'atteinte de plus d'un seul ligament dans 56% des cas, l'association la plus habituelle étant la déchirure des ligaments croisé et latéral interne. Dans une importante proportion de cas l'arthrose a mis en évidence des lésions inattendues, nécessitant des mesures thérapeutiques particulières. Chez 39% des patients l'arthroscopie a ét suivie d'un traitement chirurgical, à ciel ouvert ou non. L'arthroscopie à visée diagnostique n'a entraîné aucune complication. Les auteurs concluent que l'arthroscopie permet un diagnostic lésionnel plus précis que le simple examen clinique et qu'elle est particuliérement utile chez les sujets qui présentent une hémarthrose du genou.

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Johannsen, H.V., Fruensgaard, S. Arthroscopy in the diagnosis of acute injuries to the knee joint. International Orthopaedics 12, 283–286 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00317825

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