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Classification of late myopathies based on observation of 15 new cases

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Summary

The author observed 15 cases of chronic progredient myopathy in which the first symptoms appeared after the age of 40. 7 of them belonged to the group of primary, non-purulent polymyositis and the possibility of a polymyositic origin was also present in the 8th case.

Cases 9 to 15 appeared to be differentiable both from polymyositis and muscular dystrophy. Thus the author had no case which could have been regarded unequivocally as progressive muscular dystrophy. These 7 cases of unknown etiology do not constitute a uniform group nor do they represent even an independent nosological entity.

In the classification of myopathies beginning after the 30th year, the author tried to follow etio-pathogenetic principles. With modern diagnostic techniques, e.g., with the biochemical, histochemical and electron microscopic examination of the muscle biopsy, it is possible to shed light on some conditions underlying late myopathies, such as endocrine changes, dysmetabolic changes, deficiency of muscle enzymes, muscle tuberculosis or sarcoidosis, etc.

The residual cases may be grouped under 3 main headings: they are classified as progressive muscular dystrophy or as chronic polymyositis or may be considered as an independent disease entity which can be distinguished from both above conditions. Several authors have an extremely uniform view on these 3 possibilities.

Based on literary data and on the author's experience, it can be stated that the most important group of late myopathies consists of polymyositides.

Only an insignificant part of late myopathies may be regarded as progressive muscular dystrophy.

In the third group, constituted by the remaining late myopathy cases, the only common feature is their unknown etiology. From the standpoint of clinical picture, histopathologic findings and therapeutic responsiveness, we are faced with a heterogenous syndrome.

Zusammenfassung

Es wurde über die Beobachtung von 15 progredienten, chronischen Myopathie-Fällen berichtet, bei denen die ersten Symptome über das 40. Lebensjahr erschienen. 7 Fälle gehörten zu den primären, nicht eitrigen Polymyositiden, und auch im Fall 8 bestand die Möglichkeit eines polymyositischen Ursprungs.

Die Fälle 9 bis 15 schienen von den Polymyositiden und auch von der progressiven Muskeldystrophie abtrennbar. Der Autor hatte also keinen Spätmyopathiefall, der als Dystrophia musculorum progressiva betrachtet werden konnte. Die 7 Fälle unbekannter Ätiologie bilden keine einheitliche Gruppe und stellen auch keine selbständige nosologische Einheit dar.

In der Klassifikation der nach dem 30. Lebensjahr beginnenden Myopathien wurde versucht, ein ätio-pathogenetisches Prinzip einzuleiten. Moderne diagnostische Verfahren, unter anderem biochemische, histochemische und elektronenmikroskopische Untersuchungen der Muskelbiopsie, vermögen den Hintergrund einiger Spätmyopathien aufzuklären, so z. B. Endokrinopathien, dysmetabolische Veränderungen, Mangel an Muskelenzymen, Muskeltuberkulose, Muskelsarkoidose usw.

Die zurückbleibenden Fälle werden in 3 Gruppen eingeteilt: 1. Progressive Muskeldystrophien. 2. Chronische Polymyositiden. 3. Fälle, die eine selbständige nosologische Einheit darstellen und welche von den zwei obenerwähnten Untergruppen abgrenzbar sind. Die Meinung einiger Autoren ist eine äußerst uniformisierte über diese 3 Möglichkeiten.

Auf Grund der Literaturangaben und eigener Erfahrungen war es feststellbar, daß die Polymyositiden die wichtigste Gruppe der Spätmyopathien darstellen.

Nur einen unbedeutenden Teil der Spätmyopathien kann man für eine Dystrophia musculorum progressiva betrachten.

In der dritten Gruppe, welche sich aus den zurückbleibenden Spätmyopathie-Fällen zusammensetzt, ist die einzige gemeinsame Eigenschaft der Fälle ihre unbekannte Ätiologie. Diese Gruppe stellt vom Standpunkt des klinischen Bildes, der histopathologischen Befunde und der therapeutischen Beeinflußbarkeit ein heterogenes Syndrom dar.

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Bekény, G. Classification of late myopathies based on observation of 15 new cases. Z. Neurol. 201, 109–135 (1972). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00316198

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