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Past infectious events and disease evolution in multiple sclerosis

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Summary

A computerized study of past infectious events and neurological parameters revealed the existence of a history of repeated respiratory-tract infections (RRI) beginning in childhood, in 52% of 251 multiple sclerosis (MS) patients studied. The 251 MS patients were divided into two groups: those without a past history of RRI were designated as “MS type I”, and those with a history of infectious problems before the onset of MS as “MS type II”. Significant differences in the neurological symptoms, the treatments received and some general parameters were found between the groups, which suggested a correlation between the evolution of MS and the presence or not of RRI in these patients. When compared to the MS type I group, a significantly higher percentage of MS type II patients reported visual problems (P≤0.01), paresthesia (P≤0.01), loss of sensitivity (P≤0.03), pain (P≤0.004), motor problems (P≤0.016) and sexual dysfunction in males (P≤0.02). The mean number of attacks in the first 5 years of the disease was significantly more frequent in MS type II patients, 6.2 compared to 2.9 (P≤0.02). A significantly higher percentage of MS type II patients also received oral corticosteroids (P≤0.02) or ACTH (P≤0.003). Although the age of onset of MS was the same for both groups, MS type II patients were significantly younger than MS type I patients, the mean age being 36 years compared to 41 years (P≤0.001). Only 12% of patients in the MS type II group compared to 30% in the MS type I group had the disease for more than 15 years (P≤0.001). As is usual with MS, the majority of the patients in both groups were females, 79.3% in the MS type II compared to 63.4% in the MS type I group. These findings suggest that MS patients with a past history of RRI (MS type II) have a different evolution of their disease from MS type I patients and that in general the disease is more severe. The past infectious history of patients would thus appear of putative value, in addition to neurological criteria, in assessing the probable future evolution of the disease.

Zusammenfassung

Bei 251 Patienten mit Multipler Sklerose wurden computerunterstützte Untersuchungen über frühere Infektionskrankheiten sowie neurologische Befunde angestellt. Es zeigte sich bei 52% derselben, daß früher wiederholte Erkrankungen der oberen Luftwege, die in der Kindheit schon begannen, nachweisbar waren. Die 251 MS-Patienten wurden in zwei Gruppen eingeteilt: jene ohne frühere Affektionen der oberen Luftwege, die als „MS-Typ I“ und jene mit derartigen Infektionen vor Beginn der MS, die als „MS-Typ II“ bezeichnet wurden. Es wurden signifikante Unterschiede in der neurologischen Symptomatologie, die erhaltenen Therapien und einige weitere Parameter festgestellt, die eine Korrelation zwischen der Evolution der Erkrankung und das Vorhandensein, beziehungsweise das Fehlen von Infektionen der oberen Luftwege nahelegten. Eine signifikant höhere Zahl von Angehörigen der „MS-Typ II“-Gruppe berichteten über Sehstörungen (P≤0,01), Paraesthesien (P≤0,01), Sensibilitätsstörungen (P≤0,03), Schmerzen (P≤0,004), motorische Störungen (P≤0,016) sowie Störungen der Sexualfunktion bei Männern (P≤0,02). Die durchschnittliche Zahl von Schüben in den ersten fünf Jahren der Erkrankung war signifikant höher bei „MS-Typ II“-Patienten, 6,2 verglichen mit 2,0 (P≤0,02) bei der „MS-Typ I“-Gruppe. Auch erhielt ein signifikant höherer Anteil der „MS-Typ II“-Patienten oral Corticostereoide (P≤0,02) oder ACTH (P≤0,003). Obwohl das Alter, in welchem die MS begann, in beiden Gruppen gleich war, waren die Patienten der „MS-Typ II“-Gruppe signifikant jünger als die der anderen: das mittlere Alter betrug 36 Jahre verglichen mit 41 (P≤0,001). Nur 12% der Patienten in der „MS-Typ II“-Gruppe verglichen mit 30% aus der „MS-Typ I“-Gruppe hatten die Krankheit während mehr als 15 Jahren (P≤0,001). Wie dies bei MS üblich ist, war die Mehrzahl der Patienten in beiden Gruppen Frauen, 79,3% in der „MS-Typ II“-Gruppe verglichen mit 63,4% in der anderen. Diese Befunde legen die Annahme nahe, daß MS-Patienten, die früher unter gehäuften Infektionen der oberen Luftwege litten („MS-Typ II“), einen unterschiedlichen Verlauf der Erkrankung verglichen mit der anderen Gruppe aufweisen und daß bei ihnen im allgemeinen die Erkrankung schwerer ist. Das Vorhandensein früherer Infektionen der oberen Luftwege kann deshalb ein zusätzliches Element in der Beurteilung der zu erwartenden Entwicklung der Multiplen Sklerose darstellen.

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Lamoureux, G., Lapierre, Y. & Ducharme, G. Past infectious events and disease evolution in multiple sclerosis. J Neurol 230, 81–90 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313635

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