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Intramedullary syndrome due to an extradural neurinoma near the foramen magnum

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Summary

A case of right sided extradural neurinoma at the level of the foramen magnum is reported which presented as an intramedullary spinal cord syndrome. Ischemia of the anterior spinal artery or of the vertebral artery was considered to be an important pathogenic factor in the production of the neurological syndrome. The outer part of the spinothalamic tract, where sensory fibers carrying pain and thermal sensibility from the sacral segments are situated, escaped ischemia as that part is supplied by penetrating branches of the pial arterial plexus. The discrepancy between the level of neurological deficit (C5) and site of the tumor (C1–2) was due to distant ischemia. The lack of a history of root pain and the rapid recovery following removal of the tumor also favor a vascular origin for the neurological deficit.

Zusammenfassung

Es wird über einen Fall von rechtsseitigem extraduralem Neurinom auf Höhe des Foramen occipitale magnum berichtet. Die Symptomatologie war jene eines intramedullären Rückenmarksyndromes. Eine Ischämie im Ausbreitungsgebiete der Arteria spinalis anterior bzw. der Vertebralis stellte wahrscheinlich einen wichtigen pathogenetischen Faktor beim Zustandekommen der neurologischen Symptomatologie dar. Der oberflächliche Anteil des Tractus spinothalamicus, wo die sensiblen Fasern für die Temperaturempfindung aus den sakralen Segmenten liegen, waren von der Ischämie verschont, da jener Anteil des Faserbündels durch die von der Oberfläche her eindringenden kurzen arteriellen Äste versorgt wird. Die Diskrepanz zwischen dem Niveau der neurologischen Ausfälle (C5) und der Lokalisation des Tumors bei C1 und C2 ist durch die vom Läsionsort entfernt sich auswirkende Ischämie erklärt. Das Fehlen von radikulären Schmerzen in der Vorgeschichte und die rasche Erholung nach der Operation sind ein weiteres Argument zugunsten der vaskulären Verursachung der neurologischen Ausfälle.

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Sumra, R.S., Hölper, G. & Wanis, A. Intramedullary syndrome due to an extradural neurinoma near the foramen magnum. J Neurol. 218, 145–148 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313071

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