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Quantitative analysis of neurophysiological processes of the aging CNS

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Summary

Electrophysiological studies were performed on 65 aged subjects (62–91 years) and 48 control subjects (18–38 years). The power spectrum of the EEG in the aging persons shows different types, from spectra with a marked peak of alpha activity to spectra of a desynchronized type. Progressive deterioration of the periodicity of the occipital alpha rhythm and also a progressive time shift between the activities of both occipital lobes were found in the aging subjects. The SEP and VEP have prolonged latencies of all components. The amplitudes of all components of the SEP are significantly increased and those of the VEP are within normal limits. There is a more significant involvement of the dominant hemisphere. Transcallosal transmission of the SEP is qualitatively not involved. Quantitatively there is a marked prolongation of the duration of the transmission of certain SEP components. Transmission of the SEP from the specific cortical response area to different areas of the ipsilateral hemisphere is significantly increased. It is assumed that during aging there is an involvement of the cortical neuronal transmitter mechanisms and a progressive decrease of the specific cortical inhibitory processes.

Zusammenfassung

65 Personen im Alter von 62–91 Jahren und 48 Personen im Alter von 18–38 Jahren wurden elektrophysiologisch untersucht. Die Ergebnisse unserer Studie an alternden Personen sind: Das Leistungsspektrum des EEG zeigt drei unterschiedliche Typen, vom Spektrum mit einem ausgeprägten Gipfel im Alpha-Band bis zum desynchronisierten Spektrum. Während des Alterns kommt es zu einem progressiven Zerfall der Periodizität des occipitalen Alpha-Rhythmus und zu einer zunehmenden Zeitverschiebung zwischen den bioelektrischen Aktivitäten beider Occipitalgegenden. Bei den SEP und VEP sind die Latenzen aller Komponenten verlängert. Die Amplituden aller Komponenten des SEP sind signifikant erhöht, die Amplituden der Komponenten des VEP sind im Normalbereich. Dabei zeigt sich eine größere Beeinträchtigung der dominanten Hemisphäre. Die transcallöse Übertragung der SEP ist qualitativ nicht beeinträchtigt. Quantitativ besteht eine ausgeprägte Verlängerung der Überleitungsdauer einzelner SEP-Komponenten. Die Übertragung der SEP aus der spezifischen Rindenregion in verschiedene Gegenden derselben Hemisphäre ist gesteigert. Wir nehmen an, daß es während des Alterns zu einer Beeinträchtigung der corticalen neuronalen Transmittermechanismen und zu einer Schwächung der corticalen inhibitorischen Prozesse kommt.

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In honor of Prof. Georges Schaltenbrand on his 80th birthday

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Drechsler, F. Quantitative analysis of neurophysiological processes of the aging CNS. J. Neurol. 218, 197–213 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00313013

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