Summary
The development of a visual speech apparatus that gives information about the identity of vowels spoken in a CVC context is described. The principle of the apparatus is based on a dimensional analysis of the vowel spectra. In developing the device, the demands of the specific speech correction setting of the deaf were taken into account as much as possible. From a number of physical and statistical analyses of vowels in different consonantal surroundings, it appeared possible to separate two vowels quite satisfactorily. In describing the apparatus, special attention is given to some technical features that were added to satisfy the requirements of speech correction. Finally, the operation of the device is tested with a large number of monosyllables pronounced by 20 speakers. The results indicate that the apparatus satisfies the conditions stated for practical use.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Annett, J.: Feedback and human behavior. Middlesex: Penguin Books 1969
Cattell, R. B. (Ed.): Handbook of multivariate experimental psychology. Chicago: Rand McNally & Company 1966
Cohen, M. L.: The ADL sustained phoneme analyzer. Amer. Ann. Deaf 113, 247–252 (1968)
Ferber, L. A.: Three parameter speech display. Conference record of the 1972 Conference on speech communication and processing, Boston, 1972. IEEE cat. no. 72 CHO 596-7 AE, 252–257
Kalikow, D. N., Swets, J. A.: Experiments with computer controlled displays in second-language learning. IEEE. AU 20, 23–28 (1972)
Kalikow, D. N., Klatt, D. H.: Second language learning. Report No. 2008, Bolt, Beranek and Newman 1970
Kisner, J. L., Weed, H. R.: The design of the visual vocoder. Conference record of the 1972 Conference on speech communication and processing, Boston, 1972, IEEE cat. no. 72 CHO 596-7, AE, 259–262
Klein, W., Plomp, R., Pols, L. C. W.: Vowel spectra, vowel spaces and vowel identification. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 48, 999–1009 (1970)
McNeilage, P. F.: Motor control of serial ordening of speech. Psychol. Rev. 77, 182–196 (1970)
Mártony, J.: Visual aids for speech correction. Summary of three years experience. Rep. Dept. of Speech Comm., Royal Inst. Techn., Stockholm 1969
Montgomery, G. W. G.: Communication factors related to the oscilloscope trace reading ability of profoundly deaf adolescents. Paper 1970 Symposium on speech communication ability and profound deafness, Stockholm 1970
Nickerson, R. S., Stevens, L. N.: An experimental computer-based system of speech training aids for the deaf. Conference record of the 1972 Conference on speech communication and processing, Boston, 1972, IEEE cat. no. 72 CHO 596-7 AE 238–241
Nordmann, B. J.: A speech display simulation system. Conference record of the 1972 Conference on speech communication and processing, Boston, 1972, IEEE cat. no. 72 CHO 596-7, AE, 255–258
Pickett, J. M., Constam, A.: A visual speech trainer with simplified indication of vowel spectrum. Amer. Ann. Deaf 113, 253–258 (1968)
Plomp, R., Pols, L. C. W., Geer, J. P. van de: Dimensional analysis of vowel spectra. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 41, 707–712 (1967)
Pols, L. C. W., Tromp, H. R. C., Plomp, R.: Frequency analysis of Dutch vowels from 50 male speakers. J. Acoust. Soc. Amer. 53, 1093–1102 (1973)
Potter, R. K., Kopp, G. A., Green, H. C.: Visible speech, New York: Van Nostrand and Co. 1947
Pronovost, W., Anderson, D., Lerner, R., Yenkin, L.: The development and evaluation of procedures for using the voice visualizer as an aid in teaching speech to the deaf. Final Report proj. no. 6-2017, Boston University, Aug. 1967
Pronovost, W., Yenkin, L., Anderson, D. C.: The voice visualizer. Amer. Ann. Deaf 113, 230–239 (1968)
Risberg, A.: Visual aids for speech correction. Amer. Ann. Deaf 113, 178–194 (1968)
Reich, S., Weed, H. R.: Evaluation of the visual vocoder in speech therapy. Conference record of the 1972 Conference on speech communication and processing, Boston, 1972, IEEE cat. no. 72 CHO 596-7 AE, 263–265
Sangster, F. L.: The “Bucket-Brigade Delay Line” a shift register for analog signals. Philips Technical Review 31, 97–110
Schulte, K.: Optische Phonemdarstellung als Sprechgliederungshilfe für hörgeschädigte Kinder. Villingen: Neckar Verlag 1971
Searson, M.: A speech training programme using the kamplex visible speech apparatus, Teacherof the Deaf 43, 89–95 (1965)
Stark, R. E., Cullen, J. K., Chase, R. A.: Preliminary work with the new Bell telephone visible speech translator. Amer. Ann. Deaf 113, 205–214 (1968)
Stark, R. E.: Teaching /ba/ and /pa/ to deaf children by means of real time spectral displays. Paper presented at the 79th Meeting of the Acoustical Society of America, Atlantic City 1970
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Povel, DJ. Development of a vowel corrector for the deaf. Psychol. Res 37, 51–70 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309078
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00309078