Skip to main content
Log in

Cytidine monophosphate as substrate for the electron microscopic visualization of alkaline phosphatase activity

  • Published:
Histochemie Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Since in histochemical reactions the liver alkaline phosphatase discloses only low activity with respect to beta-glycerophosphate, the authors have replaced the latter by cytidine monophosphate. With this substrate they obtained much better results: greater sensibility permitting to reduce the incubation time, and much more precise localization of the enzyme activity, at the ultrastructural level. Details of the method are given with a discussion of its specifity. The method was applied on liver tissue of normal albino rats and animals of the same strain with ligated common bile duct.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Bonting, S. L., V. E. Pollak, R. C. Muehrcke, and R. M. Kark: Quantitative histochemistry of the nephron. In: Biology of pyelonephritis (eds. Quinn and Kass), p. 145–161. Boston: Little, Brown & Co. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Brandes, D., H. Zetterquist, and H. Sheldon: Histochemical techniques for electron microscopy: alkaline phosphatase. Nature (Lond.) 177, 382 (1956).

    Google Scholar 

  • Burgos, M. J., W. H. Deane, and M. L. Karnowski: Histochemical evidence for more than one alkaline phosphomonoesterase. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 3, 103 (1955).

    Google Scholar 

  • Clark Jr., S. L.: The localization of alkaline phosphatase in tissues of mice, using the electron microscope. Amer. J. Anat. 109, 57 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Desmet, V.: Histochemische studie bij de experimentele levercarcinogenese. Brussel: Arscia Uitgaven N.V. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • Essner, E., and A. B. Novikoff: Cytological studies on two functional hepatomas. J. Cell Biol. 15, 289 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fischer, E.: Comparative examination of histochemical reactions of alkaline phosphomonoesterase in organism of Caraurius morosus L. (Insecta, Phasmidea). Acta biol. Acad. Sci. hung. 16, 155 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Fishman, W. H., S. Green, and N. J. Inglis: Organ specific behavior exhibited by rat intestine and liver alkaline phosphatases. Biochim. biophys. Acta (Amst.) 62, 363 (1962).

    Google Scholar 

  • Forster, R. P.: Kidney cell. In: The cell (ed. J. Brachet, and A. E. Mirsky), vol. 5, p. 89–161. London: Academic Press, Inc. Ltd. 1961.

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldfischer, E. S., E. Essner, and A. B. Novikoff: The localization of phosphatase activities at the level of ultrastructure. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 12, 72 (1964).

    Google Scholar 

  • Gomori, G.: Microscopic histochemistry. Principles and practice. Chicago: University of Chicago Press 1952, 2nd impression 1953.

    Google Scholar 

  • Holt, S. J.: Personal communication to one of us (J. Creemers).

  • Hugon, J., and M. Borgers: A direct lead method for the electron microscopic visualization of alkaline phosphatase activity. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14, 429 (1966a).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Ultrastructural localization of alkaline phosphatase activity in the absorbing cells of the duodenum of mouse. J. Histochem. Cytochem. 14, 629 (1966b).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kalman, G. F.: Substrate specificities and inhibition of intracellular alkaline phosphatase associated with cytoplasmic granules sedimented by differential centrifugation. J. cell. comp. Physiol. 38, 137 (1951).

    Google Scholar 

  • Kritzler, R. A., and J. Beaubien: Microchemical variation of alkaline phosphatase activity of liver in obstructive and hepatocellular jaundice. Amer. J. Path. 25, 1079 (1949).

    Google Scholar 

  • Luft, J.: Improvements in epoxy resin embedding methods. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 9, 409 (1961).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mizutani, A., and R. J. Barrnett: Fine structural demonstration of phosphatase activity at pH 9. Nature (Lond.) 206, 1001 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Mölbert, E., F. Duspiva, and O. von Deimling: The demonstration of alkaline phosphatase in electron microscope. J. biophys. biochem. Cytol. 7, 387 (1960).

    Google Scholar 

  • Noack, R., u. G. Schenk: Zu Lokalization der alkalischen Phosphatase in den Bürstensäumen und Rattendünndarm. Biochem. Z. 343, 139 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Novikoff, A. B.: Lysosomes in the physiology and pathology of cells. In: Ciba Found. Symposium on Lysosomes, p. 36–73. London: J. & A. Churchill, Ltd. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, P. S. Roheim, and N. Quintana: Changes in rat liver cells induced by orotic acid feeding. Lab. Invest. 15, 27 (1966).

    Google Scholar 

  • Pearse, A. G. E.: Histochemistry. Theoretical and applied, 2nd. ed. London: J. & A. Churchill, Ltd. 1960.

    Google Scholar 

  • Popper, H.: Liver: Structure and function. Blakistone: Mc. Grow-Hill Book Co. Inc. 1957.

    Google Scholar 

  • Reynolds, E. S.: The use of lead citrate at high pH as an electron opaque stain in electron microscopy. J. Cell Biol. 17, 208 (1963).

    Google Scholar 

  • Ross, M. H., J. O. Ely, and J. G. Archer: Alkaline phosphatase activity and pH optima. J. biol. Chem. 192, 561 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

  • Stegner, C.: Zur Frage der Existenz verschiedener alkalischer Phosphatasen. Mikroskopie 8, 307 (1953).

    Google Scholar 

  • Tranzer, J. P.: Utilisation du citrate de plomb pour la mise en évidence de la phosphatase alcaline au microscope électronique. J. Microscop. 4, 409 (1965).

    Google Scholar 

  • Wachstein, M.: Enzymatic histochemistry of the liver. Gastroenterology 37, 525 (1959).

    Google Scholar 

  • —: Cyto- and histochemistry of the liver. In: The liver cell (ed. Ch. Rouiller), p. 137–194. New York: Academic Press Inc. 1963.

    Google Scholar 

  • —, and E. Meisel: Histochemistry of hepatic phosphatases at a physiologic pH with special reference to the demonstration of bile canaliculi. Amer. J. clin. Path. 27, 13 (1957).

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

This study was supported by a grant from the Fonds voor Wetenschappelijk Geneeskundig Onderzoek.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Oledzka-Slotwińska, H., Creemers, J. & Desmet, V. Cytidine monophosphate as substrate for the electron microscopic visualization of alkaline phosphatase activity. Histochemie 9, 320–326 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00305815

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00305815

Keywords

Navigation