Abstract
Multiple homologous sequences for the ferritin L subunit are present in mammalian genomes, but so far, only one expressed gene has been described. Here we report the isolation of a cDNA from a mouse bone marrow library, corresponding to an isoform of the mouse ferritin L subunit. This new subunit, that we named Lg, differs from the L subunit of ten amino acids. Specific amplification of mouse genomic DNA using the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) confirmed the presence of this Lg sequence in the mouse genome but also suggested that it must be encoded by an intronless gene. Using a series of different Lg-specific oligonucleotides as probes, we subsequently isolated a genomic clone containing an uninterrupted sequence, identical to the Lg cDNA. This Lg gene lacks introns and does not contain the 28 base pairs (bp) conserved motif usually present at the 5′ end of most ferritin mRNAs, which confers translational regulation by iron. When transiently transfected into K562 cells, this Lg genomic clone is actively transcribed, suggesting that, although it possesses the characteristics of a processed pseudogene, it is likely to correspond to the gene encoding this new ferritin subunit.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Beaumont, C., Dugast, I., Renaudie, F., Souroujon, M., and Grandchamp, B.: Transcriptional regulation of ferritin H and L subunits in adult erythroid and liver cells from the mouse. J Biol Chem 264: 7498–7504, 1989.
Boyd, D., Vecoli, C., Belcher, D.M., Jain, S.K. and Drysdale, J.: Structural and functional relationships of human ferritin H and L chains deduced from cDNA clones. J Biol Chem 260: 11755–11761, 1985.
Breathnach, R., and Chambon, P.: Organization and expression of eucaryotic split genes coding for proteins. Ann Rev Biochem 50: 349–383, 1981.
Britten, R.J.: Rates of sequence evolution differ between taxonomic groups. Science 231: 1393–1398, 1986.
Campbell, P.L., Kulozik, A.E., Woodham, J.P., and Jones, R.W.: Induction by HMBA and DMSO of genes introduced into mouse erythroleukemia and other cell lines by transient transfection. Genes Develop 4: 1252–1266, 1990.
Dahl, H.-H.M., Brown, R.M., Hutchinson, W.M., Maragos, C., and Brown, G.K.: A testis specific form of the human pyruvate dehydrogenase Ela subunit is coded for by an intronless gene on chromosome 4. Genomics 8: 225–232, 1990.
Daniels-McQueen, S., Ray, A., Walden, W.E., Ray, B.K., and Thach, R.E.: Nucleotide sequence of cDNA encoding rabbit ferritin L chain. Nucl Acids Res 16: 7741, 1988.
Dickey, L.F., Sreedharan, S., Thiel, E.C., Didsbury, J.R., Wang, Y.-H., and Kaufman, R.E.: Differences in the regulation of messenger RNA for housekeeping and specialized-cell ferritin. J Biol Chem 262: 7901–7907, 1987.
Durnam, D.M. and Palmiter, R.D.: Transcriptional regulation of the mouse metallothionein-I gene by heavy metals. J Biol Chem 256: 5712–5716, 1981.
Garrity, P.A. and Wold, B.J.: Tissue-specific expression from a compound TATA-dependent and TATA-independent promoter. Mol Cell Biol 10: 5646–5654, 1990.
Haile, D.J., Hentze, M.W., Rouault, T.A., Harford, J.B., and Klausner, R.D.: Regulation of interaction of the iron-responsive element binding protein with iron-responsive RNA elements. Mol Cell Biol 9: 5055–5061, 1989.
Hentze, M.W., Keim, S., Papadopoulos, P., O'Brien, S., Modi, W., Drysdale, J., Leonard, W.J., Harford, J.B., and Klausner, R.D.: Cloning, characterization, expression, and chromosomal localization of a human ferritin heavy-chain gene. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 83: 7226–7230, 1986.
Hentze, M.W., Rouault, T.A., Caughman, S.W., Dancis, A., Harford, J.B., and Klausner, R.D.: A cis-acting element is necessary and sufficient for translational regulation of human ferritin expression in response to iron. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 6730–6734, 1987.
Heusterspreute, M. and Crichton, R.: Amino acid sequence of horse spleen apoferritin. Fed Eur Biochem Soc Lett 129: 322–327, 1981.
Leibold, E.A. and Munro, H.N.: Characterisation and evolution of the expressed rat ferritin light subunit gene and its pseudogene family. J Biol Chem 262: 7335–7341, 1987.
Levi, S., Luzzago, A., Cesarini, G., Cozzi, A., Franceschinelli, F., Albertini, A., and Arosio, P.: Mechanism of ferritin iron uptake: Activity of the H-chain and deletion mapping of the ferro-oxidase site. J Biol Chem 263: 18086–18092, 1988.
Massover, W.H.: Molecular size heterogeneity of ferritin in mouse liver. Biochim Biophys Acta 829: 377–386, 1985.
McCarrey, J.R. and Thomas, K.: Human testis-specific PGK gene lacks introns and possesses characteristics of a processed pseudogene. Nature 326: 501–504, 1987.
Melton, D.A., Krieg, P.A., Rebaglieti, M.R., Maniatis, T., Zinn, K., and Green, M.R.: Efficient in vitro synthesis of biologically active RNA and RNA hybridization probes from plasmids containing a bacteriophage SP6 promoter. Nucl Acids Res 12: 7035–7056, 1984.
Murray, M.T., White, K., and Munro, H.N.: Conservation of ferritin heavy subunit gene structure: Implications for the regulation of ferritin gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 84: 7438–7442, 1987.
Sanger, F., Nicklen, S., and Coulson, A.R.: DNA sequencing with chain-termination inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74: 5463–5467, 1977.
Santore, C., Marone, M., Ferrone, M., Constanzo, F., Colombo, M., Miganti, C., Cortese, R., and Silengo L.: Cloning of the gene coding for human L apoferritin. Nucl Acids Res 14: 2863–2876, 1986.
Smale, S.T. and Baltimore, D.: The “initiator” as a transcription control element. Cell 57: 103–113, 1989.
Stein, J.P., Munjaal, R.P., Lagace, L., Lai, E.C., O'Malley, B.W., and Means, A.R.: Tissue-specifique expression of a chicken calmodulin pseudogene lacking intervening sequences. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80: 6485–6489, 1983.
Theil, L.: Ferritin: Structure, gene regulation, and cellular function in animals, plants, and microorganisms. Ann Rev Biochem 56: 289–315, 1987.
Yachou, A., Renaudie, F., Guénet, J.-L., Simon-Chazottes, D., Jones, R.W., Grandchamp, B., and Beaumont, C.: Mouse ferritin H multigene family is polymorphic and contains a single multiallelic functional gene located on chromosome 19. Genomics 10: 531–538, 1991.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Renaudie, F., Yachou, AK., Grandchamp, B. et al. A second ferritin L subunit is encoded by an intronless gene in the mouse. Mammalian Genome 2, 143–149 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302872
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00302872