Skip to main content
Log in

The architecture of rat lymph nodes

I. Combined light and electron microscopy of lymph node cell types

  • Published:
Anatomy and Embryology Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Summary

Non-lymphoid cells in rat lymph nodes are described as seen by combined light and electron microscopy of normal adult, congenitally athymic, germ-free, irradiated, or newborn rats. The cells are divided into stromal and non-stromal. The latter category consists of a variety of morphologically distinct cell types with characteristic distribution patterns. The presence of paracortical interdigitating cells in lymph nodes of germ-free rats, athymic rats, and newborn euthymic and athymic rats, refutes the ideas that interdigitating cells differentiate from macrophages under immune stimulation or T cell influences. Follicular dendritic cells are more clearly visualized and appear to be polynucleated after emptying the follicles of lymphoid cells by irradiation. Follicular dendritic cells and tingible body macrophages are found in conventionally raised euthymic and athymic rats, but not in germ-free rats. The interrelationships of these and other types of non-lymphoid cells are discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Anderson AO, Warren JT (1982) Effect of immunological adjuvants on the appearance of monocyte and dendritic cell precursors in rat thoracic duct lymph. Adv Exp Med Biol 149:791–799

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Balfour B, O'Brian JA, Perera M, Clarke J, Sumerska T, Knight SC (1983) The effect of veiled cells on lymphocyte function. Adv Exp Med Biol 149:447–454

    Google Scholar 

  • Barclay AN (1981) Different reticular cells in rat lymphoid tissue identified by localization of Ia, Thy-1 and MRC OX2 antigens. Immunology 44:727–736

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Birbeck MS, Breathnach AS, Everall JD (1961) An electron microscopic study of basal melanocytes and high level clear cells (Langerhans cells) in vitiligo. J Invest Dermatol 37:51–64

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen LL, Adams JC, Steinman RM (1978) Anatomy of germinal centers in mouse spleen, with special reference to “follicular dendritic cells”. J Cell Biol 77:148–164

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Dentchev V, Balfour B, Cretanov T, Sumeska T, Marinova S (1980) Cells containing Birbeck granules in the T dependent area of Peyer's patches. 4th International Congress of Immunology, Paris, Abstract 11.2.04.

  • Eikelenboom P (1978) Characterization of non-lymphoid cells in the white pulp of the mouse spleen: An in vivo and in vitro study. Cell Tissue Res 195:445–460

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Engeseth A (1964) Irradiation of lymph nodes and vessels. (M.D. Thesis). Universitetsforlaget, Oslo

  • Estable-Puig JF, Bauer WC, Blumberg JM (1965) Paraphenylenediamine staining of osmiumfixed, plastic-embedded tissue for light and phase microscopy. J Neuropathol 24:531–535

    Google Scholar 

  • Fossum S (1980a) The architecture of rat lymph nodes. II. Lymph node compartments. Scand J Immunol 12: 441–421

    Google Scholar 

  • Fossum S (1980b) The architecture of rat lymph nodes. IV. The distribution of ferritin and colloidal carbon in the draining lymph nodes after foot-pad injections. Scand J Immunol 12:421–432

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Fossum S (1983a) The density and distribution of W3/13, Ox19, W3/25 and OX8 positive cells in nude rat lymph nodes. Transplantation Proceedings. In press

  • Fossum S (1983b) Dendritic cells in peripheral lymph of congenitally athymic, nude rats Scand J Immunol. Submitted for publ

  • Fossum S, Smith ME, Bell E, Ford WL (1980) The architecture of rat lymph nodes. III. The lymph nodes and lymphborne cells of the congenitally athymic nude rat (rnu). Scand J Immunol 12:421–432

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furth R van, Cohn ZA (1968) The origin and kinetics of mononuclear phagocytes. J Exp Med 128:415–453

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Furth R van, Cohn SA, Hirsch JG, Humphrey JH, Spector WG, Langevoort HL (1972) The mononuclear phagocyte system: A new classification of macrophages, monocytes, and their precursor cells. Bull Wld Hlth Org 46:845–852

    Google Scholar 

  • Havat MA (1970) Principles and techniques of electron microscopy: Biological applications. Van Nostrand Reinhold Company, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Hendriks HR (1981) The role of macrophages in the organization of the lymph node. Acad Thesis Amsterdam

  • Hoefsmit EC (1975) Mononuclear phagocytes, reticulum cells and dendritic cells in lymphoid tissues. In: van Furth R (ed) Mononuclear phagocytes in immunity, infection and pathology. Blackwell Scientific Publications, Oxford, pp 129–146

    Google Scholar 

  • Holländer H, Vaaland JL (1968) A reliable staining method for semi-thin sections in experimental neuroanatomy. Brain Res 10:120–126

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Humphrey JH, Grennan D (1982) Isolation and properties of spleen follicular dendritic cells. Adv Exp Med Biol 149:823–827

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kamperdijk EWA, Raaymakers EM, de Leuw JHS, Hoefsmit ECh (1978) Lymph node macrophages and reticulum cells in the immune response. I. The primary response to paratyphoid vaccine. Cell Tissue Res 192:1–23

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kelly RH, Balfour BM, Armstrong JA, Griffith S (1978) Functional anatomy of lymph nodes. II. Peripheral lymphborne mononuclear cells. Anat Rec 190:5–22

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Klaus GGB, Kunkl A (1982) The role of T cells in B cell priming and germinal centre development. Adv Exp Med Biol 149:743–749

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotani M, Ezaki T, Ekino S, Matsuno K, Fujii H, Nawa Y (1982) Lymph macrophages enter the germinal center of regional lymph nodes. Adv Exp Med Biol 149:837–841

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Kotani M, Okada K, Fujii H, Tsuchiya H, Matsuno K, Ekino S, Fukada S (1977) Lymph macrophages enter the germinal centre of lymph nodes of guinea pigs. Acta Anat 99:391–402

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Langerhans P (1968) Über die Nerven der menschlichen Haut. Virchows Arch Path Anat Physiol 44:325–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Mandel TE, Phipps RP, Abbot A, Tew TG (1980) The follicular dendritic cell: Long term antigen retention during immunity. Immunol Rev 53:29–59

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Nossal GJV, Abbot A, Mitchell J, Lummus Z (1968) Antigens in immunity. XV. Ultrastructural features of antigen capture in primary and secondary lymphoid follicles. J Exp Med 172:277–290

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pugh CW, MacPherson GG, Steer HW (1983) Characterization of non-lymphoid cells derived from rat peripheral lumph. 1. Morphology, cytochemistry, origins and kinetics of the cells. J Exp Med In press

  • Schultze WH (1917) Über das Paraphenylenediamin in der histologischen Färbetechnik. Zbl Allg Pathol 28:257–260

    Google Scholar 

  • Schwartzendruber DC, Congdon CC (1963) Electron microscopic observations on tingiblebody macrophages in mouse spleen. J Cell Biol 19:641–646

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Smith JB, McIntosch GH, Morris B (1970) The traffic of cells through tissues: a study of peripheral lymph in sheep. J Anat 107:87–100

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman RM, Cohn ZA (1973) Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lymphoid organs of mice. I. Morphology, quantitation tissue distribution. J Exp Med 137:1142–1162

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Steinman RM, Lustig DS, Cohn ZA (1974) Identification of a novel cell type in peripheral lumphoid organs of mice. III. Functional properties in vivo. J Exp Med 139:1431–1445

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Thorbecke GJ, Silberberg-Sinakin I, Flotte TJ (1980) Langerhans cells as macrophages in skin and lymphoid organs. J Invest Dermatol 75:32–43

    Article  PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Tønnesen B, Fossum S (1983) The recovery of peripheral lymph cells from congenitally athymic, nude rats. Scand J Immunol. Submitted for publ

  • Veerman AJP (1974) On the interdigitating cells in the thymus-dependent area of the rat spleen: A relation between the mononuclear phagocyte system and T lymphocytes. Cell Tissue Res 148:247–257

    PubMed  Google Scholar 

  • Veldman JE (1970) Histophysiology and electron microscopy of the immune response. N.V. Boekdrukkerij Dijkstra Niemeyer, Groningen

    Google Scholar 

  • White RG (1963) Functional recognition of immunologically competent cells by means of the fluorescent antibody technique. Ciba Foundation Study Group 16:6–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolff K (1972) The Langerhans cell. Curr Probl Derm 4:79–145

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Fossum, S., Vaaland, J.L. The architecture of rat lymph nodes. Anat Embryol 167, 229–246 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298513

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00298513

Key words

Navigation