Summary
The complex forming poly[(ethylene glycol-co-proplene glycol)-g-acrylamide]: polyacrylic acid interpenetrating polymer network hydrogel is able to bend under electric field “stimuli”. pH, ionic strength gradients and voltage can influence it's bending degree. So we may improve the sample' “responsive” speed through manipulating those factor in the further study in order to put it into the biomedical application.
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De Yao, K., Sun, S. Bending behavior of an electrically activated complex forming hydrogel. Polymer Bulletin 28, 677–681 (1992). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295972
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00295972