Abstract
Air-pollution-induced foliar injury was determined for natural populations of jack pine (Pinus banksiana) and white pine (P. strobus) on Lake Michigan sand dunes in Indiana. Chlorotic mottle and tip necrosis were found in all populations and one or both symptoms appeared in most trees. However, considering the proximity of the populations to pollution sources, foliar injury levels were notably low. Despite a limited range of individual tree injury for mottle, necrosis, needle retention, and needle length, populations within each species differed significantly (P < 0.05). Juvenile trees showed greatest injury. Symptom expression in both species was related to qualitative site rankings for 03 and S02 exposure in nested analysis of variance, even when tree-to-tree variation was controlled. In both species, mottle increased with 03 ranking and tip necrosis with SO2 rank, but relationships were not always monotonic and showed interactions with site factors. For most trees, tip necrosis affected less than 1 % of the needle length of one-year needles, and mottle covered under 2% of needle surface. The low visible injury range is hypothesized to result from genetic selection favoring genotypes tolerant of the lowered air quality that has characterized the region for the past 70 yr.
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Armentano, T.V., Menges, E.S. Air-pollution-induced foliar injury to natural populations of jack and white pine in a chronically polluted environment. Water Air Soil Pollut 33, 395–409 (1987). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294207
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294207