Abstract
Information on atmospheric inputs, water chemistry and hydrology were combined to evaluate elemental mass balances and assess temporal changes in elemental transport from 1983 through 1992 for the Arbutus Lake watershed. This watershed is located within a northern hardwood ecosystem at the Huntington Forest within the central Adirondack Mountains of New York (USA). Changes in water chemistry, including increasing NO3 − concentrations (1.1 μmol c , L−1 yr-1), have been detected during this study period. Starting in 1991 hydrological flow has been measured from Arbutus Lake and these measurements were compared with predicted flow using the BROOK2 hydrological simulation model. The model adequately (r2=0.79) simulated flow from this catchment and was used to estimate drainage for earlier periods when direct hydrological measurements were not available. Modeled drainage water losses coupled with estimates of wet and dry atmospheric deposition were used to calculate solute budgets. Export of SO4 2− (831 mol c ha−1 yr−1) from the greater Arbutus Lake watershed exceeded estimates of atmospheric deposition in an adjacent hardwood stand suggesting an additional source of S. These large drainage losses of SO4 2− also contributed to the drainage fluxes of basic cations (Ca2+, Mg2+, K+ and Na+). Most of the atmospheric inputs of inorganic N were retained (average of 74% of wet precipitation and 85% total deposition) in the watershed. There were differences among years (56 to 228 mol ha−1 yr−1) in drainage water losses of N with greatest losses occurring during a warm, wet period (1989–1991).
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aber, J., J.M. Melillo, K.J. Nadelhoffer, J. Pastor and R.D. Boone: 1991, Ecological Applications 1, 305.
April, R. and R. Newton: 1992, ‘Mineralogy and Mineral Weathering’, in Johnson, D.W. and S.E. Lindberg (eds.) Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 378.
Baier, W.G. and T.A. Cohn: 1993, Trend Analysis of Sulfate, Nitrate and pH Data Collected at National Atmospheric Deposition Program/Wational Trends Network Stations Between 1980 and 1991, U.S. Geological Survey, Open File Report 93-56. Reston, Virginia.
Baker, L.A., P.L. Brezonik and C.D. Pollman: 1986, Water Air and Soil Pollution 31, 89.
Bowden, W.B.: 1986, Biogeochemistry 2, 249.
Cronan, C. S., J.C. Conlan and S. Skibinski: 1987, Biogeochemistry 3, 121.
David, M.B. and C.T Driscoll: 1984, Geoderma 33, 297.
David, M.B., M.J. Mitchell and T.J. Scott: 1987, Biol. Fertil. Soils 5, 258.
Dillon, P.J. and B.D. LaZerte: 1992, Environmental Pollution 77, 211.
Driscoll, C.T. and R. Van Dreason: 1993, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 67, 314.
Driscoll, C.T., R.M. Newton, C.P. Gubala, J.P. Baker and S.W. Christensen: 1991, ‘Adirondack Mountains’, in D.F. Charles (ed.), Acid Deposition and Aquatic Ecosystems: Regional Case Studies, Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 133–202.
Driscoll, C.T., D.A. Schaefer, L.A. Moleot and P.J. Dillon: 1989, ‘Summary of North American data’, in J.L. Malanchuk and J. Nilsson (eds), The Role of Nitrogen in the Acidification of Soils and Surface Waters. Miljorapport 1989: 10. Nordic Council of Ministers. Denmark, pp. 6–1 -6-45.
Federer, C.A. and D. Lash: 1978, Brook: a hydrologic simulation model for eastern forests, USDA-FS, Northeast Forest Experiment Station Report 19, 84 p.
Foster, N.W., M.J. Mitchell, I.K. Morrison and J.P. Shepard: 1992, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, 167.
Galloway, J.N., S.N. Norton and M.R. Church: 1983, Environ. Sci. Technol. 17, 541.
Galloway, J.N., C.L. Schofield, G.R. Hendrey, E.R. Altwicker and D.E. Troutman: 1980, ‘An analysis of lake acidification using annual budgets’, in D. Drablos and A. Tollan (eds), Ecological Impact of Acid Precipitation, SNSF Project, Oslo, p. 254.
Goldstein, R.A., S.A. Gherini, C.W Chen, L. Mok and R.J.M Hudson: 1984, Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London, Ser B 305, 409.
Gundersen, P. and V.N. Baskin: 1994, ‘Nitrogen cycling’, in Moldan, B. and J. Cemy (eds), Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments: a Tool for Environmental Research, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p. 255.
Hirsch, R.M. and J.R. Slack: 1984, Water Resour Res. 20, 727.
Husar, R.B., T.J. Sullivan and D.F. Charles: 1990, ‘Historical trends in atmospheric sulfur deposition and methods for assessing long-term trends in surface water chemistry’, in D.F. Charles (ed.), Acidic Deposition and Aquatic Ecosystems. Springer-Verlag, New York, pp. 65–82.
Johnson, N.M., G.E. Likens, F.H. Bormann, D.W. Fisher and R.S. Pierce: 1969, Water Resources Research 5, 1353.
Johnson, D.W., G.S. Henderson and D.E. Todd: 1988, Biogeochemistry 5, 275.
Johnson, D.W. and S.E. Lindberg (eds.): 1992, Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Kahl, J.S., S.A. Norton, I.J. Fernandez, K.J. Nadelhoffer, C.T. Driscoll and J.D. Aber: 1993, Environ. Sci. Technol. 27, 565.
Knoepp, J.D and W.T. Swank: 1994, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J. 58,325.
Likens, G.E., F.H. Bormann, L.O. Hedin, C.T. Driscoll and J.S. Eaton: 1990, Tellus 42B, 319.
Likens, G.E., F.H. Bormann, R.S. Pierce, J.S. Eaton and N.M. Johnson: 1977, Biogeochemistry of a Forested Ecosystem, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Lin, M.: 1991, Seasonal and Annual Patterns of Precipitation Chemistry in the Northeastern United States, Masters Thesis, State University of New York College of Environmental Science and Forestry, Syracuse, New York, 157 pp.
Mitchell, M.J., M.K. Burke and J.P. Shepard: 1992a, Biogeochemistry 17, 165.
Mitchell, M.J, M.B. David and R.B. Harrison: 1992b, ‘Sulphur dynamics of forest ecosystems’, in R.W. Howarth, J.W.B. Stewart and M.V. Ivanov (eds), Sulphur Cycling on the Continents, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p. 215.
Mitchell, M.J., N.W. Foster, J.P. Shepard and I.K. Morrison: 1992c, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 22, 457.
Moldan, B. and J. Cemy (eds): 1994, Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments: a Tool for Environmental Research, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester.
Mollitor, A.V. and D.J. Raynal: 1983, Journal of Air Pollution Control Association 33, 1032.
Peters, N.E.: 1991, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 59, 201.
Peters, N.E. and P.S. Murdoch: 1985, Water Air and Soil Pollution 26, 387.
Rascher, C.M., C.T. Driscoll and N.E. Peters: 1987, Biogeochemistry 3, 209.
Raynal, D.J., F.S. Raleigh and A.V. Mollitor: 1985, ‘Atmospheric deposition and ionic movement in Adirondack forests’, in D.D. Adams and W.P. Page (eds), Acid Deposition, Plenum Press, New York, p. 283.
Reuss, J.O. and D.W. Johnson: 1986, Acid Deposition and the Acidification of Soils and Waters, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Rochelle, B.P., M.R. Church and M.B. David: 1987, Water Air and Soil Pollution 33, 73.
Rudd, J.W.M, C.A. Kelly, V.St. Louis, R.H. Hesslein, A. Furitani, and M.H. Holoka: 1986, Limnology and Oceanography 31, 1267.
Semkin, R.G., D.S. Jeffries and T.A. Clair: 1994, ‘Hydrochemical methods and relationships for study of stream output for small catchments’, in Moldan, B. and J. Cerny (eds), 1994, Biogeochemistry of Small Catchments: a Tool for Environmental Research, John Wiley & Sons, Chichester, p. 163.
Shepard, J.P., M.J. Mitchell, T.J. Scott, Y.M. Zhang and D.J. Raynal: 1989, Water, Air and Soil Pollution 48, 225.
Shepard, J.P., M.J. Mitchell, T.J. Scott and C.T. Driscoll: 1990, Canadian Journal of Forest Research 20,818.
Stoddard, J.L: 1994, ‘Long term changes in watershed retention of nitrogen: its causes and consequences’, in L.A. Baker (ed.), Environmental Chemistry of Lakes and Reservoirs. Advances in Chemistry Series 237, American Chemical Society, Washington, D.C.
Swank, W.T and D.A. Crossley (eds): 1988, Forest Hydrology and Ecology at Coweeta, Springer-Verlag, New York.
Van Miegroet, H., D.W. Cole and N.W. Foster: 1992, ‘Nitrogen distribution and Cycling’, in D.W. Johnson and S.E. Lindberg (eds), Atmospheric Deposition and Forest Nutrient Cycling, Springer-Verlag, New York, p. 178.
Wiman, B.L.B. and G.I. Agren: 1985, Atmospheric Environment 19, 349.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Mitchell, M.J., Raynal, D.J. & Driscoll, C.T. Biogeochemistry of a forested watershed in the central Adirondack Mountains: Temporal changes and mass balances. Water Air Soil Pollut 88, 355–369 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294111
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294111