Abstract
63 samples (53 seawater and 10 estuarine water samples) of 20 L were obtained during a bathing season from 47 seawater stations and from 1 estuarine station. To determine viral pollution, all samples were subjected to two different methods of viral concentration: tangential ultrafiltration and adsorption-elution with electropositive membranes. Detection of viruses was by cytopathic effect (CPE) in BGM and NA 104 cells. Isolates were identified by dot-blot hybridization and Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis (PAGE). While estuarine water showed enterovirus and/or reovirus presence in 100% of samples, only 14 stations of 47 seawater station samples (30%) showed viral contamination: enteroviruses were isolated from 6 and reoviruses from 8 of the 14 stations. 28 unidentified viruses were detected from seawater in MA104 cells by CPE whereas these viruses were not detected in BGM cells. Enterovirus recovery seems to be better when water samples are concentrated by the tangential ultrafiltration than with absorption-elution with electropositive membranes. For reoviruses and the other viruses the two methods were almost equivalent. BGM cells seem to be more susceptible to enteroviruses, MA104 to reoviruses. Reoviruses failed to indicate enterovirus presence as most of enteroviruses were isolated in waters where reovirus was not observed. Isolated viral species distribution changed during bathing season.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Aulicino, F. A., Volterra, L., Muscillo, M., Bellucci, C., Orsini, P., Mancini, L., Patti, A. M., Santi, A. L., Mastroeni, I., Floccia, M., Erroi, D., Piacentini, E., Modesti, V. and Vistoli, R.: 1992, Ann. Ig. 4, 383.
Divizia, M., Sand, A. L. and Panà, A.: 1989, J. Virol. Meth. 23, 55.
FEC Directive 76/160 of December 8th 1975 concerning the quality of water for bathing (1976) Off. J. Eur. Commun. N 31/2, February 2nd.
Grabow, W. O. K., Idema, G. K., Coubrough, P. and Bateman, B. W.: 1989, Wat. Sci. Tech. 21, 111.
Jenkins, O., Booth, J. D., Minor, P. and Almond, J. W.: 1987, J. Gen. Virol. 68, 1835.
Matsuura, K., Ishikura, M., Nakayama, T., Hasegawa, S., Morita, O. and Uetake, H.: 1988, Microbiol. Immunol. 32, 1221.
Montanie, H., Bossy, J. P. and Bonami, J. R.: 1993, J. Gen. Virol. 74, 1555.
Muscillo, M., Aulicino, F. A., Orsini, P. and Bellucci, C.: 1992, Ann. Ig. 4, 255.
Muscillo, M., Aulicino, F. A., Patti, A. M., Orsini, P. and Volterra, L., Fara G. M.: 1994, Wat. Res. 28(1), 1.
Patti, A. M., De Filippis, P., Gabrieli, R., Floccia, M., Panà, A.: 1989, L'lgiene Moderna 91, 312.
Payment, P.: 1989, Wat. Sci. Tech. 21, 283.
Racaniello, V. R. and Baltimore, D.: 1981, Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 78, 4887.
Rosen, L., Evans, H. E. and Spickard, A.: 1963, Am. J. Hyg. 77, 29.
Sambrook, J., Fritsch, E. F. and Maniatis, T.: 1989, 2nd Ed.: Molecular Cloning. A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory press. Schhmidt, N. J. and Emmons, R. W.: 1989, Diagnostic Procedures for Viral, Rickettsial and Chlamidial Infections, 6th Ed. Schmidt, N. J. and Emmons, R. W. (eds.) 570.
Sobsey, M. D. and Glass, J. S.: 1980, Appl. Environ. Microbiol. 40, 201.
Volterra, L., Aulicino, F. A., Bonadonna, L., Di Girolamo, I., Mancini, L., Patti, A. M., De Filippis, P. and Gabrieli, R.: 1990, Ingegneria Sanitaria 1/90, 31.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Patti, A.M., Aulicino, F.A., Santi, A.L. et al. Enteric virus pollution of tyrrhenian areas. Water Air Soil Pollut 88, 261–267 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294105
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00294105