Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

C-banding and non-homologous associations in Gryllus argentinus

  • Published:
Chromosoma Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

A comparative study of C-banded mitotic and meiotic chromosomes of Gryllus argentinus (Gryllidae) is reported. Improved cytological procedures were followed to establish karyotypes and to detect C-segments. Twenty-eight autosomes plus a sexual system XX, XO were found. Terminal C-heterochromatin in both arms and paracentric segments were detected in most of the chromosomes of the complement. Microdensitometric tracings confirmed the distribution of C-banded segments. Manifold connections through condensed terminal chromomeres were observed at pachytene occurring between two or more bivalents during meiosis. These heterologous associations involved the whole karyotype. End-to-end pachytene associations reacted intensely to the C-procedure. C-segments detected at diakinesis allowed the measurement of the centromere indices of bivalents which resulted in a more precise identification of given chromosome pairs. The relationship of the presence of terminal heterochromatin in mitotic chromosomes, the end-to-end associations through C-segments, the attachment of pachytene filaments to the nuclear membrane and their molecular implications is discussed.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Arrighi, F. E., Hsu, T. C.: Localization of heterochromatin in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 10, 81–86 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, N. O., Ayres, J.: Heterochromatin location on chromosomes of normal and transformed cells from African Green monkey (Cercopithecus aethiops). Exp. Cell Res. 68, 253–258 (1971a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, N. O., Ayres, J.: Polymorphic patterns of heterochromatin distribution in guinea pig chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 254–260 (1971b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bianchi, N. O., Sweet, B. H., Ayres, J.: Heterochromatin in cells derived from Aedes albopictus (Skuse) mosquito tissue culture. Exp. Cell Res. 69, 236–239 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Bradbury, E. M., Inglis, R. J., Matthews, H. R.: Control of cell division by very lysine rich histone (F1) phosphorilation. Nature (Lond.) 247, 257–261 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Britten, R. J., Davidson, E. H.: Gene regulation for higher cells: a theory. Science 165, 349–357 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Brum-Zorrilla, N., Cazenave, A. M.: Heterochromatin localization in the chromosomes of Lycosa malitiosa (Arachnidae). Experientia (Basel) 30, 94 (1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Callan, H. G., Spurway, H.: A study of meiosis in interracial hybrids of the newt Triturus cristatus. J. Genet. 50, 235–249 (1951)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chandley, A. C., Fletcher, J. M.: Centromere staining at meiosis in man. Hum. Genet. 18, 247–252 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Chen, T. R., Ruddle, F. H.: Karyotype analysis utilizing differentially stained constitutive heterochromatin of human and murine chromosomes. Chromosoma. (Berl.) 34, 51–72 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cleland, R. E.: Some aspects of the Cytogenetics of Oenothera. Bot. Rev. 2, 316–348 (1936)

    Google Scholar 

  • Comings, D. C.: The rationale for an ordered arrangement of chromatin in the interphase nucleus. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 20, 440–460 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Comings, D. C.: Heterochromatin of the Indian muntjac. Replication, condensation, DNA ultracentrifugation, fluorescent and heterochromatin staining. Exp. Cell Res. 67, 441–460 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Comings, D.C., Avelino, E., Okada, T. A., Wyandt, H. E.: The mechanism of C- and G-banding of chromosomes. Exp. Cell Res. 77, 469–493 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Comings, D. C., Riggs, A. D.: Molecular mechanisms of chromosome pairing and function. Nature (Lond.) 233, 48–50 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Cooper, J. E. K., Hsu, T. C.: The C-band and G-band patterns of Microtus agrestis chromosomes. Cytogenetics 11, 295–304 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Craig-Holmes, A. P., Moore, F. B., Shaw, M. W.: Polymorphism of human C-band heterochromatin. I. Frequency of variants. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 25, 181–192 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dean Stock, A., Hsu, T. C.: Evolutionary conservatism in arrangement of genetic material. Chromosoma (Berl.) 43, 211–224 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Dev, V. G., Miller, D. A., Allderdice, P. W., Miller, O. J.: Method for locating the centromeres of mouse meiotic chromosomes and its application to T163H and T70H translocations. Exp. Cell Res. 73, 259–262 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drets, M. E., Seuanez, H.: Quantitation of heterogeneous human heterochromatin. Microdensitometrical analysis of C and G bands. Reproductive physiology and genetics. Proc. XIII Symp. on Basic Biol. (F. Fuchs and E. M. Coutinho, eds.). New York: Plenum Press (in press, 1974)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drets, M. E., Shaw, M. W.: Specific banding patterns of human chromosomes. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 68, 2073–2077 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Drets, M. E., Stoll, M.: Constitutive heterochromatin in Gryllus argentinus. Abstract. Genetics 71, Suppl. 3, S 15 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Esponda, P., Giménez-Martín, G.: The attachment of the synaptonemal complex to the nuclear envelope. Chromosoma (Berl.) 38, 405–417 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Evans, H. J., Buckton, K. E., Sumner, A. T.: Cytological mapping of human chromosomes: Results obtained with quinacrine fluorescence and the acetic-saline-Giemsa technique. Chromosoma (Berl.) 35, 310–325 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Falek, A., Chen, A. T. L., Chan, Y. K.: Measurement of human meiotic chromosomes according to arm lengths and centromere position. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 24, 544–548 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Flamm, W. G.: Highly repetitive sequences of DNA in chromosomes. Int. Rev. Cytol. 32, 1–51 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fontana, P. G., Hogan, T. W.: Cytogenetic and hybridization studies of geographic populations of Teleogryllus commodus (Walker) and T. oceanicus (Le Guillou) (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Aust. J. Zool., 17, 13–15 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Franke, W. W., Krien, S.: Nuclear membrane attached DNA enriched in repetitive sequences. Naturwissenschaften 59, 37 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Fregda, K., Mandahl, N.: Autosomal heterochromatin in some carnivores. Nobel Symp. 23, Chromosome identification (T. Caspersson and L. Zech, eds.), p. 104–117. New York: Academic Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Gallagher, A., Hewitt, G., Gibson, I.: Differential Giemsa staining of heterochromatic B-chromosomes in Myrmeleotettix maculatus (Thunb.) (Orthoptera: Acrididae). Chromosoma (Berl.) 40, 167–172 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Grouchy, J. de, Turleau, C., Roubin, M., Chavin Colin, F.: Chromosomal evolution of man and the primates (Pan troglodytes, Gorilla gorilla, Pongo pygmeus). Nobel Symph 23, Chromosome identification (T. Caspersson and L. Zech, eds.), 124–131. New York: Academic Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Hai-Choo Lim, Vickery, V. R., McE. Kevan, D. K.: Cytological studies of Antipodean Teleogryllus species and their hybrids (Orthoptera: Gryllidae). Canad. J. Zool. 47, 189–196 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hilwig, I., Gropp, A.: Staining of constitutive heterochromatin in mammalian chromosomes with a new fluorochrome. Exp. Cell Res. 75, 122–126 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hoskins, G. C.: Sensitivity of micrurgically removed chromosomal spindle fibers to enzyme disruption. Nature (Lond.) 217, 748–750 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, T. C.: Heterochromatin pattern in metaphase chromosomes of Drosophila melanogaster. J. Hered. 62, 285–287 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, T. C., Arrighi, F. E.: Distribution of constitutive heterochromatin in mammalian chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 243–253 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, T. C., Cooper, J. E. K., Mace, M. L., Jr., Brinkley, B. R.: Arrangement of centromeres in mouse cells. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 73–87 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hsu, T. C., Pathak, S., Shafer, D. A.: Induction of chromosome crossbanding by treating cells with chemical agents before fixation. Exp. Cell Res. 79, 484–487 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Huberman, J. A.: Structure of chromosome fibers and chromosomes. Ann. Rev. Biochem. 42, 355–378 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Hungerford, D. A.: Chromosome structure and function in man. I. Pachytene mapping in the male, improved methods and general discussion of initial results. Cytogenetics 10, 23–32 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • John, B., Lewis, K. R.: The meiotic system. Protoplasmatologia VI/F/1. Wien: Springer 1965a

    Google Scholar 

  • John, B., Lewis, K. R.: Genetic speciation in the grasshopper Eyprepocnemis plorans. Chromosoma (Berl.) 16, 308–344 (1965b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lampert, E., Bahr, G. F., DuPraw, E. J.: Ultrastructure of a Burkitt's lymphoma marker chromosome, as investigated by quantitative electron microscopy. Cancer (Philad.) 24, 367–376 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lantz, L. A., Callan, H. G.: Phenotypes and spermatogenesis of interspecific hybrids between Triturus cristatus and T. marmoratus. J. Genet. 52, 165–185 (1954)

    Google Scholar 

  • Liapunova, N. A., Babadjanian, D. P.: A quantitative study of histones in meiocytes. I. Investigation of the histone amount in cricket spermatogenesis by interference microscopy. Chromosoma (Berl.) 40, 387–399 (1973)

    Google Scholar 

  • Lima-de-Faria, A., Birnsteil, M., Jaworska, H.: Amplification of ribosomal cistrons in the heterochromatin of Acheta. Genetics, Suppl. 61, 145–159 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Manna, G. K., Bhattacharjee, T. K.: Studies of gryllid chromosomes. IV. Morphology, metrical study and behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis in eleven species of Nemobiinae. J. Cytol. Genet. 3, 7–31 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Manna, G. K., Bhattacharjee, T. K.: Studies of gryllid chromosomes. 3. Morphology, metrical study and behaviour of chromosomes during meiosis in seventeen species of Gryllinae (Insecta: Orthoptera). Proc. zool. Soc. Calcutta 23, 1–44 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • McClintock, B.: The association of non-homologous parts of chromosomes in midprophase of meiosis of Zea mays. Z. Zellforsch. 19, 191–237 (1933)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesa, A.: Caryology of four Chilean species of Gryllacridoids of the genus Heteromallus (Orthoptera: Gryllacridoidea: Rhaphidophoridae). Occasional Papers Museum Zool. Univ. Michigan 640, 1–13 (1965)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mesa, A., Ferreira, A., de Mesa, R. S.: The karyotype of some Australian species of Macropathinae (Gryllacridoidea-Rhaphidophoridae). Chromosoma (Berl.) 24, 456–466 (1968)

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller, O. J.: The karyotype and chromosome map of the mouse. Nobel Symp. 23, Chromosome identification (T. Caspersson and L. Zech, eds.), p. 132–144. New York: Academic Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Moens, P. B.: The fine structure of meiotic chromosome polarization and pairing in Locusta migratoria spermatocytes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 28, 1–25 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pardue, M. L., Gall, J. G.: Chromosomal localization of mouse satellite DNA, Science 168, 1356–1358 (1970)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak, S., Hsu, T. C., Shirley, L.: Chromosome homology in the climbing rats, genus Tylomis (Rodentia: Cricetidae). Chromosoma (Berl.) 42, 215–228 (1973a)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pathak, S., Hsu, T. C., Utakoji, T.: Relationships between patterns of chromosome banding and DNA synthetic sequences: a study on the chromosomes of the Seba's fruit bat, Carollia perspicillata. Cytogenet. Cell Genet. 12, 157–164 (1973b)

    Google Scholar 

  • Polani, P. E.: Centromere localization at meiosis and the position of chiasmata in the male and female mouse. Chromosoma (Berl.) 36, 343–374 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Pusa, K.: Diplotene repulsion and the timing of non-homologous associations. Chromosomes today 1, 84–98 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Rae, P. M. M.: The distribution of repetitive DNA sequences in chromosomes. Advanc. Cell molec. Biol. 2, 109–149 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schnedl, W.: End-to-end association of X and Y chromosomes in mouse meiosis. Nature (Lond.) New Biol. 236, 29–30 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Schrader, F.: Heteropycnosis and non-homologous associations of chromosomes in Edessa irrorata (Hemiptera, Heteroptera). J. Morph. 69, 587–604 (1941)

    Google Scholar 

  • Shaw, E. I.: A glutamic acid-glycine medium for prolonged maintenance of high mitotic activity in grasshopper neuroblast. Exp. Cell Res. 11, 580–586 (1956)

    Google Scholar 

  • Slack, H. D.: The association of non-homologous chromosomes in Corixidae (Hemiptera-Heteroptera). Proc. roy. Soc. Edinburgh 58, 192–212 (1938)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, J. R.: Fine structure of Gryllus argentinus spermatocyte chromosomes. Fifth Int. Congr. Electron Microscopy, vol. 2. p. XX-6. New York: Academic Press 1962

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, J. R., Wettstein, R.: Electron microscope study on meiosis. The sex chromosome in spermatocytes, spermatids and oocytes of Gryllus argentinus. Chromosoma (Berl.) 15, 389–415 (1964)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sotelo, J. R., Wettstein, R.: Organization of normal chromosomes and postirradiation changes in meiotic cells. Genetics 61, Suppl., 53–67 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Spurway, H., Callan, H. G.: The vigour and male sterility of hybrids between the species Triturus vulgaris and T. helveticus. J. Genet. 57, 84–118 (1960)

    Google Scholar 

  • Sumner, A. T.: A simple technique for demonstrating centromeric heterochromatin. Exp. Cell Res. 75, 304–306 (1972)

    Google Scholar 

  • Tyrkus, M.: Cricket haematocytes: a chromosome culture method. Ann. entomol. Soc. Amer. 64, 1169–1170 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Vosa, C. G.: The enhanced and reduced quinacrine fluorescence bands and their relationship to the Giemsa patterns in Allium flavum. Nobel Symp. 23, Chromosome identification (T. Caspersson and L. Zech, eds.), p. 156–158. New York: Academic Press 1973

    Google Scholar 

  • Wagenaar, E. B.: End-to-end attachments in mitosis. Chromosoma (Berl.) 26, 410–426 (1969)

    Google Scholar 

  • Walker, P. M. B., Flamm, W. G., McLaren, A.: Highly repetitive DNA in rodents. In: Handbook of molecular biology (A. Lima-de-Faria, ed.), Amsterdam: North Holland Publ. Co. 1969

    Google Scholar 

  • Wettstein, R., Sotelo, J. R.: Electron microscope serial reconstruction of the spermatocyte I nuclei at pachytene. J. Microscopie 6, 557–576 (1967)

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M. J. D.: Cytogenetics of the grasshopper Moraba scurra. I. Meiosis of interracial and interpopulation hybrids. Aust. J. Zool. 5, 285–304 (1957)

    Google Scholar 

  • White, M. J. D.: The role of chromosomal translocations in urodele evolution and speciation in the light of work on grasshoppers. Amer. Naturalist 95, 315–321 (1961)

    Google Scholar 

  • Woollam, D. H. M., Ford, E. H. R., Millen, J. W.: The attachment of pachytene chromosomes to the nuclear membrane in mammalian spermatocytes. Exp. Cell Res. 42, 657–661 (1966)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, J. J., Roldan, L., Yasmineh, W. G., Lee, J. C.: Staining of satellite DNA in metaphase chromosomes. Nature (Lond.) 231, 532–533 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

  • Yunis, J. J., Yasmineh, W. G.: Heterochromatin, satellite DNA, and cell function. Science 174, 1200–1209 (1971)

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratory of Human Cytogenetics, Instituto de Investigación de Ciencias Biológicas, Montevideo, Uruguay

    M. E. Drets & M. Stoll

Authors
  1. M. E. Drets
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. M. Stoll
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Additional information

This manuscript is dedicated to Prof. F. A. Saez in honor of his seventy-fifth birthday.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Drets, M.E., Stoll, M. C-banding and non-homologous associations in Gryllus argentinus . Chromosoma 48, 367–390 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290994

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290994

Keywords

Search

Navigation