Abstract
The dzr1 locus in maize posttranscriptionally regulates the accumulation of methionine-rich 10 kDa zein in the endosperm. An allele of this locus present in the inbred line BSSS53, dzr1 + BSSS53, conditions several-fold higher accumulation of the 10 kDa zein in comparison with standard inbred lines, leading to enrichment of methionine content in BSSS53 by 30%. In a population segregating for high and low 10 kDa zein, dzr1 + BSSS53 was found tightly to cosegregate with a 22 kDa zein gene cluster, belonging to the ZIC subfamily of α-zeins that is located on chromosome 4S. One member of this gene cluster, azs22/6, was estimated to be located less than 0.4 cM from dzrl + BSSS53, while three other 22 kDa zein genes mapped 3.4 cM away. Restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) mapping of dzr1 was conducted using additional maize DNA markers and orthologous rice DNA markers. One maize marker, php20725, was identified that mapped 1.1 cM from dzr1, proximal to the centromere. Another marker derived from rice, rz329, mapped 6.6 cM distal to dzrl. Pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) of the 22 kDa zein cluster showed that probably all copies of the 22 kDa zein genes are present within a 200 kb SalI fragment. The recombination frequency within this cluster was estimated to be 20-fold higher than that predicted for the maize genome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Alm S, Tanksley SD (1993) Comparative linkage maps of the rice and maize genomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 90: 7980–7984
Allard RW (1954) Formulas and tables to facilitate the calculation of recombination values in heredity. Hilgardia 24: 235–278
Anderson E (1945) What is Zea mays? A report of progress. Chron Bot 9: 88–92
Beavis WD, Grant D (1991) A linkage map based on information from four F2 populations of maize (Zea mays L). Theor Appl Genet 82: 636–644
Benner MS, Phillips RL, Kirihara JA, Messing JW (1989) Genetic analysis of methionine-rich storage protein accumulation in maize Theor Appl Genet 78: 761–767
Betnetzen JL, Freeling M (1993) Grasses as a single genetic system: genome composition, colinearity and compatibility. Trends Genet 9: 259–261
Bollag RJ, Waldman AS, Liskay RM (1989) Homologous recombination in mammalian cells. Annu Rev Genet 23: 199–225
Bregger T (1918) Linkage in maize: the C aleurone factor and waxy endosperm. Amer Nat 52: 57–61
Brown J, Sundaresan V (1991) A recombination hotspot in the maize A1 intragenic region. Theor Appl Genet 81: 185–188
Burr B, Burr FA, Thompson KH, Albertsen MC, Stuber C (1988) Gene mapping with recombinant inbreds in maize. Genetics118: 519–526
Chaudhuri S, Messing J (1994) Allele-specific parental imprinting of dzr1, a posttranscriptional regulator of zein accumulation. Proc. Natl Acad Sci USA 91: 4867–4871
Cruz-Alvarez M, Kirihara JA, Messing JW (1991) Post-transcriptional regulation of methionine content in maize kernels. Mol Gen Genet 225: 331–339
Das OP, Messing J (1993) Heritable mutagenic activity in maize inbred line A188. In: Adolph KW (ed) Gene and chromosome analysis, part B. Academic Press, New York, pp 276–292
Das OP, Cruz-Alvarez M, Chaudhuri S, Messing JW (1990) Molecular methods for genetic analysis in maize. Methods Mol Cell Biol 1: 213–222
Davies K (1991) Mapping the way forward. Nature 353: 798–799
Dennis ES, Sachs MM, Gerlach WL, Finnegan EJ, Peacock WJ (1985) Molecular analysis of the alcohol dehydrogenase-2 gene of maize. Nucleic Acids Res 13: 727–743
Dooner HK (1986) Genetic fine structure of the Bronze locus in maize. Genetics 113: 1021–1036
Dooner HK, Kermicle JL (1986) The transposable element Ds affects the pattern of intragenic recombination at the Bz and R loci in maize. Genetics 113: 135–143
Edwards KJ, Thompson H, Edwards D, deSauzieu A, Sparks C, Thompson JA, Greenland AJ, Eyers M, Schuch W (1992) Construction and characterisation of a yeast artificial chromosome library containing 3 haploid maize genome equivalents Plant Mol Biol 19:299–308
Emerson RA, Hutchinson CB (1921) The relative frequency of crossing over in microspore and megaspore development in maize Genetics 6:417–432
Eyster WA (1921) The linkage relations between factors for tunicate ear and starchy-sugary endosperm in maize Genetics 7:597–601
Ganal MW, Young ND, Tanksley SD (1989) Pulsed field gel electrophoresis and physical mapping of large DNA fragments in the Tm-2a region of chromosome 9 in tomato. Mol Gen Genet 215:395–400
Gardiner JM, Coe EH, Melia-Hancock S (1993) Development of a core RFLP map in maize using an immortalized F2 population Genetics 134:917–927
Hagen G, Rubenstein I (1981) Complex organization of zein genes in maize Gene: 13 239–249
Handa AK, Harmodson M, Tsai CY, Larkins BA (1979) Analysis of isoelectric heterogeneity among zein proteins Plant Physiol [Suppl] 94:521
Heidecker G, Messing J (1986) Structural analysis of plant genes Annu Rev Plant Physiol 37:439–466
Heidecker G, Chaudhuri S, Messing J (1991) Highly clustered zein gene sequences reveal evolutionary history of the multigene family Genomics 10:719–732
Helentjaris T, Weber DF, Wright S (1988) Identification of the genomic locations of duplicate nucleotide sequences in maize by analysis of restriction fragment length polymorphisms. Genetics 118:353–363
Helentjaris T, Torres-Jerez I, Shen B, Carneiro N, Stevenson B, McCreery T, Habben J, Larkins B, Ferl R, Almira E, Baysdorfer C (1994) Compilation of mapping/ sequencing results for randomly selected maize cDNAs. Maize Genet Coop Newslett 68:101–104
Heredia-Diaz O, Gardiner J, Hoisington D, Chao S, Coe E, Musket T, Xu G (1994) Combined F2 and IF2 RFLP map Maize Genet Coop Newslett 68:30–34
Heun M, Helentjaris T (1993) Inheritance of RAPDs in F1 hybrids of corn Theor Appl Genet 85:961–968
Hinton C (1965) The effects of heterozygous autosomal translocations on recombination in the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster Genetics 51:971–982
Hulbert SH, Richter TE, Axtell JD, Bennetzen JL (1990) Genetic mapping and characterization of sorgum and related crops by means of maize DNA probes Proc Natl Acad Sci 87:4251–4255
Kirihara JA, Hunsperger JP, Mahoney WC, Messing JW (1988) Differential expression of a gene for a methionine-rich storage protein in maize. Mol Gen Genet 211:477–484
Kridl JC, Vieira J, Rubenstein I, Messing J (1984) Nucleotide sequence of a zein genomic clone with a short open reading frame. Gene 28:113–118
Lander ES, Green P, Abrahamson J, Barlow A, Daly MJ, Lincoln SE, Newburg L (1987) MAPMAKER: An interactive computer package for constructing primary genetic linkage maps of experimental and natural populations. Genomics 1: 174–181
Liu CN, Rubenstein I (1992) Genomic organization of an α-zein gene cluster in maize. Mol Gen Genet 231: 304–312
Marks MD, Larkins BA (1982) Analysis of sequence microheterogeneity among zein messenger RNAs. J Biol Chem 257:9976–9983
Marks MD, Lindell IS, Larkins BA (1985)Nucleotide sequence analysis of zein mRNAs from maize endosperm. J Biol Chem 260:16451–16459
Masumura T, Shibata D, Hibino T, Kato T, Kawabe K, Takeba G, Tanaka K, Fujii S (1989) cDNA cloning of an mRNA encoding a sulfur-rich 10 kDa prolamin polypeptide in rice seeds. Plant Mol Biol 12:123–310
Nelson O (1975) The waxy locus in maize. III. Effect of structural heterozygosity on intragenic recombination and flanking marker assortment. Genetics 79: 31–44
Phillips RL, Morris PR, Wold F, Gengenbach BG (1981) Seedling screening for lysine-plus-threonine resistant maize. Crop Sci 21:601–610
Phillips RL, McClure BA (1985) Elevated protein-bound methionine in seeds of a maize line resistant to lysine plus threonine. Cereal Chem 62:213–218
Rhoades MM (1941) Different rates of crossing over in male and female gametes in maize. J Am Soc Agron 33:603–615
Rhoades MM (1968) Studies on the cytological basis of crossing over. In: Peacock WJ, Brock RD (eds) Replication and recombination of genetic material. Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, pp 229–241
Rick CM (1971) Some cytological features of the genome in diploid plant species. Stadler Genet Symp 1: 153–174
Rubenstein I, Geraghty DE (1986) The genomic organization of zeins. In: Pomeranz Y (ed) Advances in cereal science and technology, vol VII. American Association of Cereal Chemists, St. Paul, Minn., pp 297–315
Schickler H, Benner MS, Messing JW (1993) Repression of the high-methionine zein gene in the maize inbred line Mo17. Plant J 3:221–229
Schmidt RJ, Burr FA, Burr B (1987) Transposon tagging and molecular analysis of the maize regulatory locus opaque-2. Science 238:960–963
Schmidt RJ, Ketudat M, Aukerman MJ, Hoschek G (1992) Opaque-2 is a transcriptional activator that recognizes a specific target site in 22-kD zein genes. Plant Cell 4: 689–700
Schwartz DC, Cantor CR (1984) Separation of yeast chromosomes-sized DNA's by pulsed field gradient gel electrophoresis. Cell 37:67–75
Segal G, Sarfatti M, Schaffer MA, Ori N, Zamir D, Fluhr R (1992) Correlation of genetic and physical structure in the region surrounding the I 2 Fusarium oxysporum resistance locus in tomato. Mol Gen Genet 231: 179–185
Shields R (1993) Pastoral synteny. Nature 365:297–298
Soave C, Salamini F (1984) Organization and regulation of zein genes in maize endosperm. Philos Trans R Soc Lond [Biol] 304:341–347
Soave C, Reggiani R, Fonzo ND, Salamini F (1982) Genes for zein subunits on maize chromosome 4. Biochem Genet 20:1027–1038
Spena A, Viotti A, Pirrotta V (1982) A homologous repetitive block structure underlies the heterogeneity in heavy and light chain zein genes. EMBO J 1: 1589–1594
Springer PS, Edwards KJ, Bennetzen JL (1994) DNA class organization on maize Adh1 yeast artificial chromosomes. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 91:863–867
Stadler LJ (1926) The variability of crossing over in maize. Genetics 11: 1–37
Steinmetz M, Uematsu Y, Fischer Lindahl K (1987) Hotspots of homologous recombination in mammalian genomes. Trends Genet 3: 7–10
Sturtevant AH, Beadle GW (1936) The relations of inversions in the X-chromosome of Drosophila melanogaster to crossing over and disjunction. Genetics 21:554–604
Suzuki DT (1963) Interchromosomal effects on crossing over in Drosophila melanogaster. Genetics 48: 1605–1617
Thompson GA, Siemieniak DR, Sieu LC, Slightom JL, Larkins BA (1992) Sequence analysis of linked maize 22-kDa alpha-zein genes. Plant Mol Biol 18: 827–833
Thuriaux P (1977) Is recombination confined to structural genes on the eukaryotic genome? Nature 268:460–462
Tous GI, Fausnaugh JL, Akinyosoye O, Lackland H, Winter-Cash P, Vitorica FJ, Stein S (1989) Amino acid analysis on polyvinylidene difluoride membranes. Anal Biochem 179: 50–55
Towbin H, Staehelin T, Gordon J (1979) Electrophoretic transfer of proteins from polyacrylamide gels to nitrocellulose sheets: procedure and some applications. Proc Nat Acad Sci USA 76:4350–4354
Ueda T, Messing J (1991) A homologous expression system for cloned zein genes. Theor Appl Genet 82: 93–100
Viotti A, Pogna NE, Balducci C, Durante M (1980) Chromosomal localization of zein genes by in situ hybridization in Zea mays. Mol Gen Genet 178:35–41
Wandelt C, Feix G (1989) Sequence of a 21 kd zein gene from maize containing an in-frame stop codon. Nucleic Acids Res 17:2354
Weber D, Helentjaris T (1989) Mapping RFLP loci in maize using B-A translocations. Genetics 121:583–590
Whitkus R, Doebley J, Michael L (1992) Comparative genome mapping of sorgum and maize. Genetics 132:1119–1130
Wilson CM, Larkins BA (1984) Zein gene organization in maize and related grasses. J Mol Evol 20: 330–340
Wilson CM (1991) Identification of IEF zeins from genes located in recombinant inbreds. Maize Genet Coop Newslett 65:91
Wilson CM, Sprague GF, Nelsen TC (1989) Linkages among zein genes determined by isoelectric focusing. Theor Appl Genet 77:217–226
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. Saedler
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chaudhuri, S., Messing, J. RFLP mapping of the maize dzr1 locus, which regulates methionine-rich 10 kDa zein accumulation. Molec. Gen. Genet. 246, 707–715 (1995). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290716
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00290716