Abstract
The morphology of human metaphase chromosomes of peripheral blood lymphocytes taken from normal persons of both sexes and cultured at the final stages of the S-period in the presence of 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUdR), or 5-bromodeoxycytidine (BCdR) was studied. It was observed that the chromosomes of the complement were capable of responsing to the treatment with analogs by the appearance of extended segments along their length. The pattern of segmentation was constant and specific for a given chromosome, serving as a basis for its identification, and appeared to be similar for both analogs. — Autoradiography of such chromosomes performed with 3H-thymidine (3H-TdR), 3H-deoxycytidine (3H-CdR), and 3H-BUdR showed that the extended chromosomal segments are late replicating. In accordance with this correlation, the most regular and distinctive segmentation was observed in chromosomes having large late replicating regions, such as Nos. 4, 6, 9, 13, 16, X, and Y. — A comparative analysis of the BUdR-induced differential spiralization pattern and banding pattern obtained with the G-staining technique was carried out. A good correspondence between the extended segments and Giemsa-positive bands was found. The data are discussed in relation to the mechanism of differential staining of metaphase chromosomes.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Allderdice, P. W., Miller, O. J., Klinger, H. P., Pallister, P. D., Opitz, J. M.: Demonstration of a spreading effect in an X-autosome translocation by combined autoradiographic and quinacrine-fluorescence studies. In: 4th Intern. Congr. of human Genetics (Paris, 6–11 September, 1971). Exc. Med., Int. Congr. Ser. 233, 14–15 (1971)
Baranovskaya, L. I.: Differentiation of X-chromosomes by the length in cases of X-polysomia in human beings [Russian]. Bull. exp. Biol. Med. (USSR) 75, 123–125 (1973)
Baranovskaya, L. I., Benjusch, V. A.: Differentiation along human chromosomes in relation to their identification. II. X-chromosomes [Russian]. Tsitologia 15, 650–658 (1973)
Baranovskaya, L. I., Zakharov, A. F., Dutrillaux, B., Carpentier, S., Prieur, M., Lejeune, J.: Differenciation des chromosomes X par les méthodes de déspiralisation au 5-bromodeoxyuridine (BUDR) et de dénaturation thermique menagee. Ann. Génét. 15, 271–274 (1972)
Benjusch, V. A.: Scanning microphotometer for analysis of curved microobjects [Russian]. Bull. exp. Biol. Med. (USSR) 74, 123–125 (1972)
Bostock, C. J., Prescott, D. M.: Buoyant density of DNA synthesized at different stages of S phase in Chinese hamster cells. Exp. Cell Res. 64, 481–484 (1971)
Comings, D. E.: Heterochromatin of the Indian muntjac. Exp. Cell Res. 67, 441–460 (1971)
Comings, D. E.: Replicative heterogeneity of mammalian DNA. Exp. Cell Res. 71, 106–112 (1972)
Comings, D. E., Avelino, E., Okada, T. A., Wyandt, H. E.: The mechanism of C- and G-banding. Exp. Cell Res. 77, 469–493 (1973)
Ellison, J. R., Barr, H. J.: Quinacrine fluorescence of specific chromosome regions. Late replication and high A∶T content in Samoaia leonensis. Chromosoma (Berl.) 36, 375–390 (1972)
Engel, W., Krone, W., Wole, U.: Die Wirkung von Thioguanin, Hydroxylamin und 5-bromodeoxyuridine auf menschliche Chromosomen in vitro. Mutation Res. 4, 353–368 (1967)
Gavosto, F., Pegoraro, L., Masera, P., Rovera, G.: Late DNA replication pattern in human haemopoietic cells. A comparative investigation using a high resolution quantitative autoradiography. Exp. Cell Res. 49, 340–358 (1968)
Hook, E. B., Hatcher, N.: Comparison of quantitative autoradiographic DNA replication patterns of human chromosomes obtained using H3-deoxycytidine and H3-thymidine as precursors. Ann. Génét. 16, 113–116 (1973)
Kaback, M. M., Saksela, E., Mellman, W. J.: The effect of 5-bromodeoxyuridine on human chromosomes. Exp. Cell Res. 34, 182–212 (1964)
Kato, H., Moriwaki, K.: Factors involved in the production of banded structures in mammalian chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 38, 105–120 (1972)
Kuroiva, T.: Asynchronous condensation of chromosomes from early prophase to late prophase as revealed by electron microscope autoradiography. Exp. Cell Res. 69, 97–105 (1971)
Ockey, C. H.: Human chromosome identification and the pattern of DNA replication in fibroblasts from an XXY male. A quantitative autoradiographic study of early and late synthesis. Cytogenetics 8, 272–295 (1969)
Palmer, C. G., Funderburk, S.: Secondary constrictions in human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 4, 261–276 (1965)
Palmer, C. G.: 5-bromodeoxyuridine-induced constrictions in human chromosomes. Canad. J. Genet. Cytol 12, 816–830 (1970).
Paris Conference (1971): Standardization in human Cytogenetics. Birth Defects: Original Article Series, VIII: 7. New York: The National Foundation 1972
Passarge, E., LaRock, J., German, J.: Autoradiographic studies of human chromosomes. V. Non-random localization of DNA synthesis during the final minutes of the S-period. Chromosoma (Berl.) 28, 37–47 (1969)
Prokofieva-Belgovskaya, A. A., Slezinger, S. I.: Replication of human chromosomes in the primary culture of embryonic fibroblasts. II. Intrachromosomal asynchrony of DNA replication. Cytogenetics 7, 347–360 (1968)
Schmid, W.: DNA replication patterns of human chromosomes. Cytogenetics 2, 175–193 (1963)
Seleznev, Yu. V.: A modified method of staining of human chromosomes after Giemsa for detection of their linear differentiation. [Russian]. Bull. exp. Biol. Med. (USSR) 73, 122–124 (1972)
Tobia, A. M., Schildkraut, C. L., Maio, J. J.: Deoxyribonucleic acid replication in synchronized cultured mammalian cells. I. Time of synthesis of molecules of different average guanine + cytosine content. J. molec. Biol. 54, 499–515 (1970)
Warburton, D., Dev., V. G., Miller, O. J.: Mechanism of chromosome banding. Amer. J. hum. Genet. 24, 1, 9a (1972)
Zakharov, A. F., Baranovskaya, L. I., Demintseva, V. S., Ibraimov, A. I.: Differentiation along human chromosomes in relation to their identification. I. General pattern of BUdR-induced differentiation [Russian]. Tsitologia 15, 508–517 (1973)
Zakharov, A. F., Egolina, N. A.: Differential spiralization along mammalian mitotic chromosomes. I. BUdR-revealed differentiation in Chinese hamster chromosomes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 38, 341–365 (1972)
Zakharov, A. F., Egolina, N. A., Kakpakova, E. S.: Late-replicating chromosomal segments in aneuploid Chinese hamster cell lines as determined by autoradiography. J. nat. Cancer Inst. 36, 215–232 (1966)
Zakharov, A. F., Seleznev, Y. V., Benjusch, V. A., Baranovskaya, L. I., Demingntseva, V. S.: Differentiation along human chromosomes in relation to chromosome identification. In: 4th Int. Congr. of human Genetics (Paris, 6–11 September, 1971). Exc. Med. Int. Congr. Ser. 233, 193 (1971)
Zuffardi, O., Tiepolo, L., Dolfini, S., Barigozzi, C., Fraccaro, M.: Changes in the fluorescence patterns of translocated Y chromosome segments in Drosophila melanogaster. Chromosoma (Berl.) 34, 274–280 (1971)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zakharov, A.F., Baranovskaya, L.I., Ibraimov, A.I. et al. Differential spiralization along mammalian mitotic chromosomes. Chromosoma 44, 343–359 (1974). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284894
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284894