Abstract
The effects of artificial rain of various acidities were studied in a lysimeter experiment. Lysimeters, 29 cm in diameter, and 40 cm deep contained a Gleyed Dystric Brunisol. Natural structure, stratification and original vegetation were maintained. Artificial rain was produced from groundwater with “high” concentrations of neutral salts and from rainwater with lower concentrations. pH levels of 6, 4, 3 and 2 were established by adding H2SO4. Effects of dilution with given amounts of acid were examined by comparing the effects of 50 mm “rain” month−1 of pH 3 and pH 2 with 500 mm “rain” month−1 of pH 4 and pH 3, respectively. The study continued for 5 yr. Totals of 1250 or 12500 mm “rain” were applied in addition to a natural input of 2773 mm. Increased input of SO4 2− increased the output of SO4 2− but, as concentration increased, sorption of SO4 2− in the soil also increased. Concentrations of base cations in the leachate increased parallel to the output of SO4 2−. However, significant effects on leaching of base cations and on the content of exchangeable cations in the soil, was only found in the pH 2 treatment with 1250 mm of “rain” and in the pH 4 and pH 3 treatment with 12500 mm of “rain”.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Abrahamsen, G., Bjor, K. and Teigen, O.: 1976, ‘Field experiments with simulated acid rain in forest ecosystems’. SNSF-Project, Norway FR 4/76 p.15.
Abrahamsen, G.: 1980a, ‘Acid precipitation, plant nutrients and forest growth’. In Drablos, D. and Tollan, A. (eds.), Proc. Int. Conf. Ecol. Impact Acid Precip., SNSF-Project, Norway 1980, 58.
Abrahamsen, G.: 1980b, ‘Impact of atmospheric sulphur deposition on forest ecosystems’. In Schriner, D.S., Richmond, C.R. and Lindberg, S.E. (eds.), Atmospheric sulfur deposition. Environmental Impact and Health Effects. Ann Arbor Science Publishers, Inc. Ann Arbor, Michigan, 397.
Abrahamsen, G.: 1983, ‘Sulphur pollution: Ca, Mg and Al in soil and soil water and possible effects on forest trees’. In Ulrich, B. and Pankrath, J. (eds.), Effects of accumulation of air pollutants in forest ecosystems, 207.
Abrahamsen, G.: 1986a, ‘Assessment of the long-term effect of acid deposition on leaching from forest soil. A methodical study’. Paper presented at the International Symposium on “Air Pollution and Stability of Coniferous Forest Ecosystems”, Ostravice/Czechoslovakia, Oct. 1–5, 1985, in press.
Abrahamsen, G.: 1986b, ‘Air pollution and soil acidification’. Paper presented at Nato Advanced Research Workshop “Effects of acidic deposition on forests, wetlands and agricultural ecosystems”, Toronto, May 12–17, 1985, in press.
Abrahamsen, G., Tveite, B.: 1983, ‘Effects of air pollutants on forest and forest growth’. In Ecological effects of acid deposition. National Swedish environment protection board — Rep. PM, 1636, 199.
Bjor, K. and Teigen, O.: 1980, ‘Effects of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 6. Lysimeter experiment in greenhouse’. In Drabløs, D. and Tollan, A. (eds.), Proc., Int. Conf. Ecol. Impact Acid Precip. SNSF-Project, Norway, 200.
Morrison, I.K. and Foster, N.W.: 1986, ‘Limits of cation leaching of weakly-podzolized forest soils: An emperical evaluation’. Paper presented at NATO Advanced Research Workshop “Effects of acidic deposition on forest, wetlands and agricultural ecosystems”, Toronto, May 12–17, 1985, in press.
Ogner, G., Haugen, A., Opem, M., Sjøtveit, G. and Sørlie, B.: 1984, ‘The chemical analysis program at The Norwegian Forest Research Institute, 1984’, Norwegian Forest Research Institute, Aas, Norway.
Singn, B.R.: 1980a, Acta Agric. Scand., 30, 357.
Singh, B.R.: 1980b, ‘Effect of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 3. Sulfate sorption by acid forest soils’. In Drabløs, D. and Tollan, A. (eds.), Proc., Int. Conf. Ecol. Impact Acid Precip. SNSF-Project, 194.
Singh, B.R.: 1984, Soil Science, 138, 189.
Stuanes, A.O.: 1980, ‘Effects of acid precipitation on soil and forest. 5. Release and loss of nutrients from a Norwegian forest soil due to artificial rain of varying acidity’. In Drabløs, D. and Tollan, A. (eds.), Proc., Int. Conf. Ecol. Impact Acid Precip. SNSF-Project, Norway, 198.
Stuanes, A. and Sveistrup, T.E.: 1979, ‘Field experiments with simulated acid rain in forest ecosystems. 2. Description and classification of the soils used in field, lysimeter and laboratory experiments’. SNSF-Project, Norway FR 15/79, p. 35.
van Breemen, N., van Grinsven, J.J.M. and Jordens, E.R.: 1983, ‘H+ budgets and nitrogen transformation in woodland soils in the Netherlands influenced by high inputs of atmospheric ammonium sulphate’. VDI-Berichte Nr. 500, 345.
Van Miegroet, H. and Cole, D.W.: 1984, J. Environ. Qual., 13, 586.
Van Miegroet, H. and Cole, D.W.: 1985, Soil Sci. Soc. Am. J., 49, 1274.
Werner Johannessen, T.: 1970, ‘The climate of Scandinavia’. In Landsberg, H.E. (ed.), World survey of climatology 5, 23.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Abrahamsen, G., Stuanes, A.O. Lysimeter study of effects of acid deposition on properties and leaching of gleyed dystric brunisolic soil in Norway. Water, Air, and Soil Pollution 31, 865–878 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284233
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00284233