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Comparative pathologic classification of malignant lymphomas

Vergleichende pathologische Klassifikation maligner Lymphome

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Summary

The task of the present study was to consequently apply a classification for human lymphomas to respective animal tumors and to check for implications that might arise from such a procedure. One hundred and fifty malignant lymphomas from various species were classified according to the modified Rappaport classification and were compared to 200 malignant lymphomas in human patients. The histological tumor type of the animal lymphomas was subsequently compared with the species in which the tumor developed, with the pattern of tumor growth, and with the etiology and pathogenesis. Finally, as far as available, T- and B-cell classifications were presented. The studies show that a classification for human lymphomas can be applied as well to animal lymphomas, although a few exeptions exist: undifferentiated malignant lymphomas of hemocytoblastic type as seen in lower animals are not recognized in man. Contrarily, well differentiated lymphocytic malignant lymphomas are rarely observed in animals and are essentially not present in lower animals. Angioimmunoblastic lymphadenopathy is not yet identified in animals, and reticulum cell sarcoma type B of the mouse (Dunn's classification) has no good counterpart in man.

Most of the virusinduced lymphomas are of lymphocytic type including Burkitt's tumor while there appears no clearcut predominance of any tumor type in chemical carcinogenesis or in spontaneous lymphomagenesis.

In contrast to man where B-cell lymphomas predominate, the laboratory mouse developes a fair number of T-cell lymphomas. No adequate data are available as to the T- or B-cell nature of lymphomas in other species.

There appears to exist no clear correlation between the histological type of experimental lymphomas and their mode of growth, exept that undifferentiated malignant lymphomas of Burkitt's type and of hemocytoblastic type usually develop in one focus and subsequently metastasize.

Although the case material of the present study is limited, the results show that important information may be gained when a uniform tumor classification is applied. In this sense, it is hoped that the presentation may stimulate similar investigations, and an outline of procedures for the investigation of lymphomas is given to enhance uniformity of interpretation.

Zusammenfassung

Einhundertfünfzig Fälle maligner Lymphome des Tierreiches wurden im Vergleich zu 200 Fällen maligner Lymphome des Menschen nach der modifizierten Rappaportschen Nomenklatur klassifiziert. Der histologische Typ tierischer Lymphome wurde anschließend verglichen mit dem phylogenetischen Stand des Lymphomaträgers, mit dem Wachstumsverhalten des Tumors sowie mit seiner Ätiologie und Pathogenese. Zusätzlich wurden — soweit möglich — immunzytologische Tumorzellbestimmungen durchgeführt.

Es zeigte sich, daß mit wenigen Ausnahmen Tierlymphome auf rein morphologischer Basis nach der Rappaportschen Nomenklatur klassifizierbar waren. Ausnahmen bestanden bei undifferenzierten malignen Lymphomen vom hämozytoblastischen Typ, die beim Menschen nicht beobachtet wurden, und bei hochdifferenzierten lymphozytären Lymphomen, die im Tierreich kaum vorkamen. Weiterhin konnte die angioimmunoblastische Lymphadenopathie des Menschen bisher nicht bei unseren Tieren identifiziert werden und das Retikulumzell-Sarkom Typ B der Maus war beim Menschen nicht in der selben Form vorhanden.

Virus-induzierte Lymphome gehörten überwiegend dem lymphozytären Typ an, während chemisch induzierte oder spontan entstandene Tumoren keine Prädominanz eines bestimmten Zelltypes zeigten. Die beim Menschen beobachtete gesteigerte Häufigkeit von B-Zell-Lymphomen ist im Tierreich nicht in gleicher Weise nachweisbar. Ein bestimmtes, sich wiederholendes Wachstumsmuster fand sich nur bei undifferenzierten Lymphomen vom Burkittoder hämozytoblastischen Typ.

Obgleich das vorhandene Material begrenzt ist, wird doch der Wert zukünftiger einheitlicher Klassifikationen von Tierlymphomen aus der vorliegenden Arbeit ersichtlich.

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  1. Immunpathologisches Laboratorium, Pathologisches Institut der Universität Köln, D-5000, Köln a. Rh., Federal Republic of Germany

    G. R. F. Krueger

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Part of the work was supported by grant Kr 476/3 of the German Science Foundation

The author gratefully acknowledges helpful advice and discussion of the work by Dr. Costan W.Berard, Dr. Clyde J.Dawe, and Dr. Harold L.Stewart of the National Cancer Institute, USA. The exellent technical and photographic assistance needs also appreciation as done by D. Harris (NCI), B.Koch, B.Raftery, and R.Grossmann (Cologne)

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Krueger, G.R.F. Comparative pathologic classification of malignant lymphomas. Z. Krebsforsch. 89, 253–272 (1977). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283782

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