Abstract
Results of trace metal concentrations in air and precipitation and the corresponding wet and dry deposition in Ontario in 1982 arc reported. In terms of the spatial patterns, in general, there was a decreasing gradient from south-to-north in both concentration and deposition. Patterns differed with each parameter although certain groups of metals (e.g., Fe and Al; Pb, Zn, and Mn) displayed similar patterns. In general, wet deposition was greater than dry deposition at all sites. Geographically, the variability in the wet to dry deposition ratio for coarse particles (MMD > 2.5 μm) was small. However, it increased from the south to the north for fine particles (MMD < 2.5 μm), being higher away from the source areas. Scavenging ratios (W) have been derived from the precipitation and air concentrations of trace metals. The scatter in W is quite large for all trace metals, up to 2 orders of magnitude. There was little seasonal variability in W for fine particles (Pb, Mn, Zn, and Cd). However, coarse particles (Fe, Al, and Cu) were more efficiently scavenged by snow than by rain.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Brown, D. J. A.: 1983, Bull Environ. Contam. Toxicol. 30, 582.
Bradley, R. W. and Sprague, J. B.: 1985, Can. J. Fish Aquat. Sci. 42, 731.
Chan, W. H., Vet, R. J., Ro, C. U., Tang, A. J. S., and Lusis, M. A.: 1982, An Analysis of the Impact of Smelter Emission on Atmospheric Dry Deposition in the Sudbury Area: Sudbury Environmental Study Airborne Particulate Matter Network Results, Ontario Ministry of the Environment report ARB-012-81-ARSP.
Chan, W. H., Tomassini, F., and Loescher, B.: 1983a, Atmospheric Environment, 17, 1779.
Chan, W. H., Ro, C. U., Vet, R. J., Tang, A. J. S., and Lusis, M. A.: 1983b, Precipitation Scavenging and Dry Deposition of Pollutants from the INCO Smelter in Sudbury, in H. R. Pruppacher, R. G. Semonin and W. G. N. Slinn, (eds.), Volume 1 (Precipitation Scavenging) of Precipitation Scavenging, Dry Deposition and Resuspension, Elsevier Science Publishing Co. Inc., pp. 383–394.
Chan, W. H., Orr, D. B., and Vet, R. J.: 1984a, ‘Acidic Precipitation in Ontario Study. An Overview: The Cumulative Wet/Dry Deposition Network’, Ontario Ministry of the Environment report ARB-164-83-ARSP.
Chan, W. H., Chung, D., and Tang, A. J. S.: 1984b, ‘Precipitation Concentration and Wet Deposition Fields of Pollutants in Ontario, 1982’, Ontario Ministry of the Environment report ARB-142-84-ARB.
Chan, W. H., Tang, A. J. S., Chung, D., and Lusis, M. A.: 1985, ‘Air Concentration and Deposition Fields of Pollutants in Ontario, 1982’, Ontario Ministry of the Environment report, ARB-001-85-AQM.
Chung, D. H. S.: 1984, Data Validation Procedures — Cumulative Ambient Air Monitoring Network, September 1981–December 1982, Internal report, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Galloway, J. N., Thornton, J. D., Norton, S. A., and McLean, R. A.: 1982, Atmospheric Environment 16, 1677.
Gatz, D. F.: 1975, Wet Deposition Estimation Using Scavenging Ratios, Proc. First Specialty Symposium on Atmospheric Contribution to the Chemistry of Lake Waters, Internat. Assoc. Great Lakes Res. Sept. 28–Oct. 1, 1975, pp. 27–32.
Hodson, P. V., Blunt, B. R., and Spry, D. J.: 1978, J. Fish. Res. Board Can. 35, 437.
Hutchinson, N. J.: 1984, ‘Studies of Trace Metal Mixtures and Factors Modifying their Lethality to American Flagfish in Soft, Acid Water’, Ph.D. Thesis, University of Guelph, Guelph, Ontario.
Kiely, P. and Sahota, H.: 1985, Nanticoke Environmental Management Program-Analysis of Airborne Particulate Data in the Haldimand-Norfolk Region 1979–1983, Ontario Ministry of the Environment Report ARB-066-85-AQM.
Kirk, R. W.: 1984, Data Validation Procedures — Cumulative Precipitation Monitoring Network, January 1982–March 1983, Internal Report, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
McMahon, D. J. and Dennison, P. J.: 1979, Atmospheric Environment, 13, 571.
Merlini, M. and Pozzi, G.: 1977, Environ. Pollut. 12, 167.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment: 1983, Handbook of Analytical Methods for Environmental Samples, Vol. 1 and 2, Laboratory Services Branch, Ontario Ministry of the Environment.
Ontario Ministry of the Environment: 1985, unpublished results.
Part, P., Svanberg, O., and Kiessling, A.: 1985, Water Res. 19, 427.
Spry, D. J., Wood, C. M., and Hodson, P. V.: 1981, Can. Rep. Tech. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 999, 145 pp.
Waiwood, K. G. and Beamish, F. W. H.: 1978, Water Res. 12, 611.
Wren, C. D. and MacCrimmon, H. R.: 1983, Can. J. Fish. Aquat. Sci. 40, 1737.
Van der Putte, I., Laurier, M. B. H. M., and Van Eijk, G. J. M.: 1982, Aquat. Toxicol. 2, 99.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Chan, W.H., Tang, A.J.S., Chung, D.H.S. et al. Concentration and deposition of trace metals in Ontario-1982. Water Air Soil Pollut 29, 373–389 (1986). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283444
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00283444