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Über die Entwicklung und Chemodifferenzierung der Rattenniere unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Geschlechtsunterschiede

On the development and chemodifferentiation of the rat kidney under particular regard of sex differentiation

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Summary

Morphogenesis and chemodifferentiation of the rat kidney were investigated in 460 animals between the 16th embryonic day and the 71st postnatal day, as well as in 14 adult pairs of rats. Particular attention was paid to the formation of the various zones and to the sex differentiation pattern. In addition attempts were made to determine the process of functional differentiation in the rat kidney.

  1. 1.

    At birth the rat kidney is still in the process of differentiation; morphologically this process is completed at the 24th postnatal day. Histochemically it is completed two months after birth with the development of the sex-specific distribution pattern of β-hydroxi-butyric acid dehydrogenase.

  2. 2.

    The differentiation of the various parts of the nephron does not take place simultaneously. The first parts to be formed are the glomeruli and the proximal and distal convolution. This is followed by the intermediate segment; the process is completed by the formation of the P2-segment and the straight segment.

  3. 3.

    The differentiation of the glomeruli and the convoluted tubules in the cortex and the differentiation of the thin part of Henle's loop in the medulla is dependent on the timing of the formation of the nephrons however, the morphological differentiation of the P2-segments and possibly also of thick tubules of the ascending part of Henle's loops of all nephrons takes place simultaneously between the 14th and 16th postnatal day. Histochemically the developmental process for most enzymes is largely completed arround the 24th postnatal day.

  4. 4.

    As far as the rat kidney is concerned the distinction in the proximal tubule between pars recta and pars convoluta has to be abolished since morphogenetically and histochemically the first part of the straight tubule appears to be part of the pars convoluta. The classification is therefore done according to Longley and Fisher's (1954) concept of a P1-and P2-segment. The boundary line between the two segments is to be found in the first part of the straight segment. All P2-segments are found in the external zone of the medulla and in the medullary rays ascribed to it.

  5. 5.

    Sex differences are observed in the distribution pattern of alkaline and acid phosphatase, glucose-6-phosphatase, and β-hydroxi-butyric acid dehydrogenase. Sex differences in the distribution pattern of the phosphatases are first observed between the 29th and 35th postnatal day; however, in the case of β-hydroxi-butyric acid dehydrogenase they only develop two months after birth. Up to this date young male and female animals show the same distribution pattern as do adult males. All sex differences concern the P2-segment.

  6. 6.

    There are indications that the kidney of the rat embryo starts to be functionally active probably around the 19th embryonic day. It seems that in the beginning only the renal corpuscles and convolutions of the juxtamedullary zone are functionally fully developed. The ability to concentrate urine seems to develop in the rat kidney only after the P2-segment and the thick tubules of the ascending part of Henle's loop are fully developed (i.e. between the 18th and 25th postnatal day).

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    W. -E. Mühlenfeld

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Mühlenfeld, W.E. Über die Entwicklung und Chemodifferenzierung der Rattenniere unter besonderer Berücksichtigung der Geschlechtsunterschiede. Histochemie 18, 97–131 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00280993

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