Skip to main content
Log in

Shared control of maltose induction and catabolite repression of the MAL structural genes in Saccharomyces

  • Original Paper
  • Published:
Molecular and General Genetics MGG Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

Maltose utilization in yeast requires the presence of any one of the five unlinked, homologous MAL loci. Transcription of the two structural genes MALT (permease) and MALS (maltase) is induced by maltose and catabolite-repressed by glucose. MAL6T and MAL6S share a common 5′ intergenic sequence; deletion studies within this sequence revealed a bi-directionally functioning upstream activation sequence (UASM) consisting of four 11bp homologous sites. Activation of these sites by the MALR protein results in the coordinate expression of MAL6T and MAL6S. The basal promoter activates MALS expression to a greater extent than MALT and is located in a region that overlaps UASM. Deletion of several subsites within the UASM has an asymmetric effect on MAL gene expression, having a greater affect on MALT than on MALS. Catabolite repression of MAL6T and MAL6S by glucose is controlled at several levels. Using disruption mutants, the positively acting MAL1R protein was also found to play a role in catabolite repression of MAL6T and MAL6S.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Astell CR, Ahlstrom-Jonasson L, Smith M, Tatchell K, Nasmyth KA, Hall BD (1981) The sequence of the DNAs coding for the mating type loci of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Cell 27:15–23

    Google Scholar 

  • Bailey RB, Woodward A (1984) Isolation and characterization of a pleiotropic glucose repression resistant mutant of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Gen Genet 193:507–512

    Google Scholar 

  • Beck CF, Warren RAJ (1988) Divergent promoters, a common form of gene organization. Microbiol Rev 52:318–326

    Google Scholar 

  • Celenza JL, Carlson M (1986) A yeast gene that is essential for release from glucose repression encodes a protein kinase. Science 233:1175–1180

    Google Scholar 

  • Cherry JR, Johnson TR, Dollard C, Shuster JR, Denis CL (1989) Cyclic AMP-dependent protein kinase phosphorylates and inactivates the yeast transcriptional activator ADR1. Cell 56:409–419

    Google Scholar 

  • Chow T (1987) PhD dissertation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen JD, Goldenthal MJ, Buchferer B, Marmur J (1984) Mutational analysis of the MAL1 locus of Saccharomyces: identification and functional characterization of three genes. Mol Gen Genet 196:208–216

    Google Scholar 

  • Cohen JD, Goldenthal MJ, Chow T, Buchferer B, Marmur J (1985) Organization of the MAL loci of Saccharomyces: Physical identification and functional characterization of three genes at the MAL6 locus. Mol Gen Genet 200:1–8

    Google Scholar 

  • Federoff HJ, Cohen JD, Eccleshall TR, Needleman RB, Buchferer BA, Giacalone J, Marmur J (1982) Isolation of a maltase structural gene from Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. J Bacteriol 149:1064–1070

    Google Scholar 

  • Federoff HJ, Eccleshall TR, Marmur J (1983) Carbon catabolite repression of maltase synthesis in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. J Bacteriol 156:301–307

    Google Scholar 

  • Finley RL Jr, West RW Jr (1989) Differential repression of GAL4 and adjacent transcription activators by operators in the yeast GAL upstream activating sequence. Mol Cell Biol 9:4282–4290

    Google Scholar 

  • Flick JS, Johnston M (1991) GRR1 of Saccharomyces cerevisiae is required for glucose repression and encodes a protein with leucine-rich repeats. Mol Cell Biol 11:5101–5112

    Google Scholar 

  • Gancedo JM (1992) Carbon catabolite repression in yeast. Eur J Biochem 206:297–313

    Google Scholar 

  • Giniger E, Varnum S, Ptashne M (1985) Specific DNA binding of GAL4, a positive regulatory protein of yeast. Cell 40:767–774

    Google Scholar 

  • Goldenthal MJ, Cohen JD, Marmur J (1983) Isolation and characterization of a maltose transport mutant in the yeast Saccharoniyces cerevisiae. Curr Genet 7:195–199

    Google Scholar 

  • Hill J, Ian KA, Donald G, Griffins DE (1991) DMSO-enhanced whole cell yeast transformation. Nucleic Acids Res 19:5791

    Google Scholar 

  • Holzer H (1976) Catabolite inactivation in yeast. Trends Biochem Sci 1:178–181

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong SW, Marmur J (1986) Primary structure of the maltase gene of the MAL6 locus of Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Gene 41:75–84

    Google Scholar 

  • Hong SW, Marmur J (1987) Upstream regulatory regions controlling the expression of the yeast maltase gene. Mol Cell Biol 7:2477–2483

    Google Scholar 

  • Ito H, Fukada Y, Murate K, Kimura K (1983) Transformation of intact yeast cells treated with alkali cations. J Bacteriol 153:163–168

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston M, Davis RW (1984) Sequences that regulate the divergent GAL1-GAL10 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 4:1440–1448

    Google Scholar 

  • Johnston SA (1987) A model fungal gene regulatory mechanism: the GAL genes of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Microbiol Rev 4:458–476

    Google Scholar 

  • Levine J, Tanouye L, Michels CA (1992) The UASMAL is a bidirectional promoter element required for the expression of both MAL61 and MAL62 genes of the Saccharomyces MAL6 locus. Curr Genet 22:181–189

    Google Scholar 

  • Long RH, Mylin LM, Hopper JE (1991) GAL11 (SPT13), a transcriptional regulator of diverse yeast genes, affects the phosphorylation state of GAL4, a highly specific transcriptional activator. Mol Cell Biol 11:2311–2314

    Google Scholar 

  • Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Meyer J, Walker-Jonah A, Hollenberg CP (1991) Galactokinase encoded by GAL1 is a bifunctional protein required for induction of the GAL genes in Kluyveromyces lactis and is able to suppress the gal3 phenotype in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 11:5454–5461

    Google Scholar 

  • Miller JH (1972) Experiments in Molecular Genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Myers AM, Tzagoloff A, Kinney DM, Lusty CJ (1986) Yeast shuttle and integrative vectors with multiple cloning sites suitable for construction of lacZ fusions. Gene 45:299–310

    Google Scholar 

  • Mylin LM, Bhat JP, Hopper JE (1989) Regulated phosphorylation and dephosphorylation of GAL4, a transcriptional activator. Genes Dev 3:1157–1165

    Google Scholar 

  • Naumov GI (1976) Comparative genetics of yeast. XVI. Genes for maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Genetika 12:87–100

    Google Scholar 

  • Needleman RB, Kaback DB, Dubin R, Perkins EL, Rosenberg NG, Sutherland KA, Forrest DB, Michels CA (1984) MAL6 of Saccharomyces: a complex genetic locus containing three genes required for maltose fermentation in Saccharomyces carlsbergensis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 81:2811–2815

    Google Scholar 

  • Ni B, Needleman RB (1990) Identification of the upstream activating sequence of MAL and the binding sites for the MAL63 activator of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 10:3797–3800

    Google Scholar 

  • Osley MA, Gould J, Kim S, Kane M, Hereford L (1986) Identification of sequences in a yeast histone promoter involved in periodic transcription. Cell 45:537–544

    Google Scholar 

  • Parthun MR, Jaehning JA (1992) A transcriptionally active form of GAL4 is phosphorylated and associated with GAL80. Mol Cell Biol 12:4981–4987

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothstein RJ (1983) One-step gene disruption in yeast. Methods Enzymol 101:202–211

    Google Scholar 

  • Sambrook J, Fritsch EF, Maniatis T (1989) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual, 2nd edn. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanger F, Nicklen S, Coulson AR (1977) DNA sequencing with chain-terminating inhibitors. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 74:5463–5467

    Google Scholar 

  • Sanger F, Coulson AR, Barrell BG, Smith AHH, Roe BA (1980) Cloning in single-stranded bacteriophage as an aid to rapid DNA sequencing. J Mol Biol 143:161–178

    Google Scholar 

  • Schultz J, Carlson M (1987) Molecular analysis of SNN6, a gene functionally related to the SNF1 protein kinase of Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 7:3637–3645

    Google Scholar 

  • Serrano R (1977) Energy requirements for maltose transport in yeast. Eur J Biochem 80:97–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Sherman F, Fink GR, Hicks JB (1986) Laboratory course manual for methods in yeast genetics. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harbor, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Struhl K (1986) Constitutive and inducible Saccharomyces cerevisiae promoters: evidence for two distinct molecular mechanisms. Mol Cell Biol 6:3847–3853

    Google Scholar 

  • Trumbly RJ (1988) Cloning and characterization of the CYC8 gene mediating glucose repression in yeast. Gene 73:97–111

    Google Scholar 

  • Vanoni M, Sollitti P, Goldenthal M, Marmur J (1989) Structure and regulation of the multigene family controlling maltose fermentation in budding yeast. Prog Nucleic Acid Res Mol Biol 37:281–322

    Google Scholar 

  • West RW Jr, Yocum RR, Ptashne M (1984) Saccharomyces cerevisiae GAL1-GAL10 divergent promoter region: location and function of the upstream activating sequence UASG. Mol Cell Biol 4:2467–2478

    Google Scholar 

  • Yao B (1991) Ph Dissertation, Albert Einstein College of Medicine, Yeshiva University, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Yocum RR, Hanley S, West RW Jr, Ptashne M (1984) Use of lacZ fusions to delimit regulatory elements of the inducible divergent GAL1-GAL10 promoter in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mol Cell Biol 4:1985–1998

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Communicated by C.P. Hollenberg

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Yao, B., Sollitti, P., Zhang, X. et al. Shared control of maltose induction and catabolite repression of the MAL structural genes in Saccharomyces . Molec. Gen. Genet. 243, 622–630 (1994). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279571

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279571

Key words

Navigation