Skip to main content
Log in

Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2[82Br]bromo-d-mannose and related compounds and their biodistributions in mice

  • Published:
European Journal of Nuclear Medicine Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[82Br]bromo-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl chloride (compound 3b) and 2-deoxy-2-[82Br]bromo-d-mannose (compound 4d), and their biodistributions in mice are described. The reaction of 3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-d-glucal (compound 2) with unlabeled and labeled bromine chloride (compounds 1a and 1b) generated in situ from the oxidation of bromide with N-chlorosuccinimide gave unlabeled and labeled 2-deoxy-2-bromo-3,4,6-tri-O-acetyl-α-d-mannopyranosyl chloride (compounds 3a and 3b) with a radiochemical yield of 58% (chemical yield, 63%). The hydrolysis of compounds 3a and 3b with 2N HCl gave 2-deoxy-2-bromo-d-mannose (compounds 4a and 4b) with a radiochemical yield of 72%. The biodistribution of compounds 3b and 4b after injection in mice indicated that 2% of the total injected radioactivity rapidly accumulated in the brain, while 6% of the total injected radioactivity accumulated in the heart; however, the radioactivity started to decline in these two organs after 15 min.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adam MJ (1982) A rapid, stereoselective, high yielding synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-hexopyranoses: Reaction of glycals with acetyl hypofluorite. Chem Commun (J Chem Soc Sect D):730–731

  • Barrio JR, MacDonald NS, Robinson GD, Najafi A, Cook JS, Kuhl DE (1981) Remote, semiautomated production of F-18 labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose. J Nucl Med 22:372–375

    Google Scholar 

  • Bida GT, Satyamurthy N, Barrio JR (1984) The synthesis of 2-[F-18]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose using glycals: A re-examination. J Nucl Med 25:1327–1334

    Google Scholar 

  • de la Mare PBD (1976) Electrophilic halogenation. Cambridge University Press, New York, p 23

    Google Scholar 

  • Dence CS, Lechner KA, Welch MJ, Kilbourn MR (1984) Remote system for production of carbon-11 labeled glucose via photosynthesis. J Labelled Cmpd Radiopharm 21:743–750

    Google Scholar 

  • Diksic M, Jolly D (1983) New high-yield synthesis of 18F-labelled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 34:893–896

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrenkaufer RE, Potocki JF, Jewett DM (1984) Simple synthesis of F-18-labeled 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose: Concise communication. J Nucl Med 25:333–337

    Google Scholar 

  • Ehrin E, Stone-Elander S, Nilsson J, Bergstrom M, Blomqvist G, Brismar T, Eriksson L, Greitz T, Jansson PE, Litton J-E, Malmborg P, Ugglas M, Widen L (1983) C-11-Labeled glucose and its utilization in positron emission tomography. J Nucl Med 24:326–331

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, Lade RE, MacGregor RR, Shiue C-Y, Wan CN, Wolf AP (1979) Agents for the armamentarium of regional metabolic measurement in vivo via metabolic trapping: 11C-2-deoxy-d-glucose and halogenated deoxyglucose derivatives. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 16:7–9

    Google Scholar 

  • Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Wolf AP, Farrell AA, Karlstrom KI, Ruth TJ (1981) A shielded synthesis system for production of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose. J Nucl Med 22:376–380

    Google Scholar 

  • Fukuda H, Matsuzawa T, Abe Y, Endo S, Yamada K, Kubota K, Hatazawa J, Sato T, Ito M, Takahashi T, Iwata R, Ido T (1982) Experimental study for cancer diagnosis with positronlabeled fluorinated glucose analogs: [18F]-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-mannose: A new tracer for cancer detection. Eur J Nucl Med 7:294–297

    Google Scholar 

  • Goodman MM, Elmaleh DR, Kearfott KJ, Ackerman RH, Hoop B, Brownell GL, Alpert NM, Strauss HW (1981) F-18-Labeled 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucose for the study of regional metabolism in the brain and heart. J Nucl Med 22:138–144

    Google Scholar 

  • Goulding RW, Palmer AJ (1973) Aspects of the preparation of carbon-11 labelled glucose. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 24:7–12

    Google Scholar 

  • Hageman HJ, Havinga E (1966) Addition of bromine chloride to some cyclohexene derivatives. Recl Trav Chim Pays-Bas Belg 85:1141–1150

    Google Scholar 

  • Ido T, Wan C-N, Casella V, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Reivich M, Kuhl DE (1978) Labeled 2-deoxy-d-glucose analogs. 18F-Labeled 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose, 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-mannose, and 14C-2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 14:175–183

    Google Scholar 

  • Jones SC, Ackerman RH, Hoop B, Baron J-C, Brownell GL, Taveras JM (1983) Brain uptake and organ distribution of 11C from 11C-labeled glucose. Int J Nucl Med Biol 10:173–180

    Google Scholar 

  • Kabalka GW, Sastry KAR, Hsu HC, Hylarides MD (1981) Facile conversion of alkenes into alkyl bromides via reaction of organoboranes with bromine or bromine chloride. J Org Chem 46:3113–3115

    Google Scholar 

  • Kent PW, Barnett JE (1964) Fluorocarbohydrates. X. The structure and reactions of 2-bromo-2-deoxy-β-arabinopyranosyl fluorides of the d- and l-series. J Chem Soc 6196–6204

  • Kent PW, Robson FO, Welch VA (1963) Fluorocarbohydrates. VII. Epimeric 2-bromo-2-deoxyhexosyl fluorides derived from triacetylglucal. J Chem Soc:3273–3276

  • Kloster G, Laufer P, Stöcklin G (1983a) d-Glucose derivatives labelled with 75,77Br and 123I. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 20:391–415

    Google Scholar 

  • Kloster G, Laufer P, Wutz W, Stöcklin G (1983b) 75,77Br-and 123I-analogues of d-glucose as potential tracers for glucose utilization in heart and brain. Eur J Nucl Med 8:237–241

    Google Scholar 

  • Laufer P, Kloster G (1982) Remote control synthesis of 3-[11C]-methyl-d-glucose. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 23:775–776

    Google Scholar 

  • Lemieux RU, Fraser-Reid B (1964) The bromination and halogenomethoxylation of d-glucal triacetate. Can J Chem 42:532–538

    Google Scholar 

  • Levy S, Elmaleh DR, Livni E (1982) A new method using anhydrous [18F]fluoride to radiolabel 2-[18F]fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose. J Nucl Med 23:918–922

    Google Scholar 

  • Lifton JF, Welch MJ (1971) Preparation of glucose labeled with 20 min half-life carbon-11. Radiat Res 45:35–40

    Google Scholar 

  • macGregor RR, Fowler JS, Wolf AP, Shiue C-Y, Lade RE, Wan CN (1981) A synthesis of 2-deoxy-d-[11C]glucose for regional metabolic studies: Concise communications. J Nucl Med 22:800–803

    Google Scholar 

  • Padgett HC, Barrio JR, MacDonald NS, Phelps ME (1982) The unit operations approach applied to the synthesis of [1-11C]2-deoxy-d-glucose for routine clinical applications. J Nucl Med 23:739–744

    Google Scholar 

  • Petzold G, Coenen HH (1981) Chloramine-T for ‘no-carrier-added’ labelling of aromatic biomolecules with bromine-75,77. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 18:1319–1336

    Google Scholar 

  • Phelps ME, Huang SC, Hoffmann EJ, Selin C, Sokoloff L, Kuhl DE (1979) Tomographic measurement of local cerebral glucose metabolic rate in humans with (F-18) 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose: Validation of method. Ann Neurol 6:371–388

    Google Scholar 

  • Raichle ME, Larson KB, Phelps ME, Grubb RL, Welch MJ, TerPogossian MM (1975) In vivo measurement of brain glucose transport and metabolism employing glucose-11C. Am J Physiol 228:1936–1948

    Google Scholar 

  • Reivich M, Kuhl D, Wolf AP, Greenberg J, Phelps M, Ido T, Casella V, Fowler J, Hoffman E, Alavi A, Som P, Sokoloff L (1979) The [18F]fluorodeoxyglucose method for the measurement of local cerebral glucose utilization in man. Circ Res 44:127–137

    Google Scholar 

  • Reivich M, Alavi A, Wolf AP, Greenberg J, Fowler J, Christman D, MacGregor R, Jones SC, London J, Shiue C-Y, Yonekura Y (1982) Use of 2-deoxy-d[1-11C]glucose for the determination of local cerebral glucose metabolism in humans. Variations within and between subjects. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab 2:307–319

    Google Scholar 

  • Robinson GD, Phelps ME, Huang SC (1979) F-18-2-Deoxy-2-fluoro-d-mannose: Biological behavior compared with 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose. J Nucl Med 20:672

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiue C-Y, Wolf AP (1985) The synthesis of 1-[11C]d-glucose for the measurement of brain glucose metabolism and related compounds. J Labelled Comp Radiopharm 22:171–182

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiue C-Y, MacGregor RR, Lade RE, Wan C-N, Wolf AP (1978) The synthesis of 1-C-11-2-deoxy-d-glucose (C-11-2-DG) for measuring regional brain metabolism in vivo. J Nucl Med 19:676–677

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiue C-Y, Salvadori PA, Wolf AP, Fowler JS, MacGregor RR (1982) A new improved synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose from 18F-labeled acetyl hypofluorite. J Nucl Med 23:899–903

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiue C-Y, To K-C, Wolf AP (1983) A rapid synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose from xenon difluoride suitable for labelling with 18F. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 20:157–162

    Google Scholar 

  • Shiue C-Y, Arnett CD, Wolf AP (1984) Synthesis and biodistribution of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucopyranosyl [18F]fluoride in mice. Eur J Nucl Med 9:77–80

    Google Scholar 

  • Som P, Atkins HL, Bandoypadhyay D, Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Matsui K, Oster ZH, Sacker DF, Shiue C-Y, Turner H, Wan C-N, Wolf AP, Zabinski SV (1980) A fluorinated glucose analog, 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose (F-18): Nontoxic tracer for rapid tumor detection. J Nucl Med 21:670–675

    Google Scholar 

  • Sood S, Firnau G, Garnett ES (1983) Radiofluorination with xenon difluoride: A new high yield synthesis of [18F]2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 34:743–745

    Google Scholar 

  • Straatmann MG, Welch MJ (1973) The liquid chromatographic purification of carbon-11 labeled glucose. Int J Appl Radiat Isot 24:234–236

    Google Scholar 

  • Szarek W, Hay GW, Perlmutter MM (1982) A rapid stereospecific synthesis of 2-deoxy-2-fluoro-d-glucose using fluoride ion. Chem Commun (J Chem Soc Sect D) 1253–1254

  • Tewson TJ (1983) Synthesis of no-carrier-added fluorine-18 2-fluoro-2-deoxy-d-glucose. J Nucl Med 24:718–721

    Google Scholar 

  • Tewson TJ, Welch MJ, Raichle ME (1978) [18F]-Labeled 3-deoxy-3-fluoro-d-glucose: Synthesis and preliminary biodistribution data. J Nucl Med 19:1339–1345

    Google Scholar 

  • Vora MM, Boothe TE, Finn RD, Smith PM, Gilson AJ (1983) Quality control procedures in the preparation of 2-deoxy-d-[1-11C]glucose radiopharmaceutical. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 20:417–427

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilbur DS, Anderson KW, (1982) Bromine chloride from n-chlorosuccinimide oxidation of bromide ion. Electrophilic addition reaction in protic and aprotic solvents. J Org Chem 47:358–359

    Google Scholar 

  • Wolf AP (1971) The preparation of organic radiopharmaceuticals containing isotopes of short half-life. Radioisotopes 12:499–518

    Google Scholar 

  • Yonekura Y, Benua RS, Brill AB, Som P, Yeh SDJ, Kemeny NE, Fowler JS, MacGregor RR, Stamm R, Christman DR, Wolf AP (1982) Increased accumulation of 2-deoxy-2-[18F]fluoro-d-glucose in liver metastases from colon carcinoma. J Nucl Med 23:1133–1137

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y-G, Shiue C-Y, Wolf AP, Arnett CD (1982a) Syntheses and biodistributions of [Br-82]-2-deoxy-2-bromo-d-glucose and [Br-82]-2-deoxy-2-bromo-d-mannose. J Nucl Med 23:P105

    Google Scholar 

  • Zhou Y-G, Shiue C-Y, Wolf AP (1982b) Syntheses of radiobrominated 2-deoxy-2-bromo-d-glucose and 2-deoxy-2-bromo-d-mannose for the measurement of cerebral glucose metabolism in vivo. J Labelled Compd Radiopharm 19:1623–1625

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

Authors

Additional information

Visiting scholar from the School of Pharmacy, Shanghai First Medical College, People's Republic of China

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Cite this article

Zhou, YG., Shiue, CY., Wolf, A.P. et al. Synthesis of 2-deoxy-2[82Br]bromo-d-mannose and related compounds and their biodistributions in mice. Eur J Nucl Med 11, 252–256 (1985). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279079

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00279079

Key words

Navigation