Summary
Somatic hybrids were produced between Nicotiana tabacum and N. nesophila, two species incapable of conventional sexual hybridization. Sexual hybrids, though, could be produced between these two species by using ovule culture only when N. nesophila was female. Clones of somatic hybrids were compared with sexual hybrids. Statistically significant variation was observed between clones, but not between sexual hybrids, for pollen viability, flower morphology, leaf morphology, and trichome density. As all clones of somatic hybrids have 96 chromosomes, the variability could not be explained by interclonal variation in chromosome number. Variation between somatic hybrids could be the result of cytoplasmic segregation or recombination, mitotic recombination or small chromosomal rearrangements prior to plant regeneration. Variation between clones could be exploited as these interspecies hybrids are now being used to incorporate disease resistance into cultivated tobacco.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
Literature
Belliard, G.; Vedel, F.; Pelletier, P. (1979): Mitochondrial recombination in cytoplasmic hybrids of Nicotiana tabacum by protoplast fusion. Nature 281, 401–403
Brewbaker, J.L.; Upadhya, M.D.; Markinen, Y.; MacDonald, T. (1968): Isoenzyme polymorphism in flowering plants. III. Gel electrophoretic methods and applications. Physiol. Plant. 21, 930–940
Burk, L.G.; Menser, H.P. (1964): A dominant aurea mutation in tobacco. Tob. Sci. 8, 101–104
Chen, K.; Wildman, S.G.; Smith, H.H. (1977): Chloroplast DNA distribution in parasexual hybrids as shown by polypeptide composition of fraction-1 protein. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. (USA) 74, 5109–5112
Conde, M.F. (1981): Chloroplast DNA recombination in Nicotiana somatic parasexual hybrids. Genetics 97, s26
Evans, D.A. (1982): Plant regeneration and genetic analysis of somatic hybrid plants. In: Plant Regeneration and Genetic Variability (ed. Earle. E.D.) Praeger Press (in press)
Evans, D.A.; Wetter, L.R.; Gamborg, O.L. (1980): Somatic hybrid plants of Nicotiana glauca and Nicotiana tabacum obtained by protoplast fusion. Physiol. Plant. 48, 225–230
Evans, D.A.; Flick, C.E.; Jensen, R.A. (1981): Disease resistance: Incorporation into sexually incompatible somatic hybrids of the genus Nicotiana. Science 213, 907–909
Evans, D.A.; Reed, S.M. (1981): Cytogenetic techniques. In: Plant Tissue Culture — Methods and Applications in Agriculture, (ed. Thorpe, T.A.) pp. 213–240. New York: Acad. Press.
Gamborg; O.L., Miller; R.A.; Ojima, K. (1968): Nutrient requirements of suspension cultures of soybean root cells. Exp. Cell Res. 50, 151–158
Gamborg, O.L.; Shyluk, J.P.: Fowke, L.C.; Wetter, L.R.; Evans, D.A. (1979): Isolation and plant regeneration from cell cultures of Nicotiana tabacum sulfur mutant. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 95, 255–264
Goodspeed, T.H. (1954): The genus Nicotiana. Waltham, Mass., Chronica Bot
Kao, K.N.; Michayluk, M.R. (1975): Nutritional requirements for growth of Vicia hajastana cells and protoplasts at a very low population density in liquid media. Planta 126, 105–110
Melchers, G.; Sacristán, M.D.; Holder, A.A. (1978): Somatic hybrid plants of potato and tomato regenerated from fused protoplasts. Carlberg Res. Commun. 43, 203–218
Murashige, T.; Skoog, F. (1962): A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol. Plant. 15, 473–497
Nagao, T. (1978): Somatic hybridization by fusion of protoplasts. I. The combination of Nicotana tabacum and Nicotiana rustica. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 47, 491–498
Nagao, T. (1979): Somtic hybridization by fusion of protoplasts. II. The combinations of Nicotiana tabacum and N. glutinosa and N. tabacum and N. alata. Jpn. J. Crop Sci. 48, 385–392
Reed, S.M.; Collins, G.B. (1978): Interspecific hybrids in Nicotiana through in vitro culture of fertilized ovules. N. stocktonii X N. tabacum; N. nesophila X N. tabacum; N. repanda X N. tabacum. J. Hered. 69, 311–315
Reed, S.M.; Collins, G.B. (1980): Chromosome pairing relationships and black shank resistance in three Nicotiana interspecific hybrids. J. Hered. 71, 423–426
Rick, C.M.; Fobes, J.F.; Holle, M. (1977): Genetic variation in Lycopersicon pimpinellifolium: Evidence of evolutionary change in mating systems. Plant Syst. Evol. 127, 139–170
Sacristán, M.D. (1971): Karyotypic changes in callus cultures from haploid and diploid plants of Crepis capillaris (L.) Wallr. Chromosoma 33, 273–283
Shepard, J.F.; Bidney, D.; Shahin, E. (1980): Potato protoplasts in crop improvement. Science 208, 17–24
Smith, H.H.; Kao, K.N.; Combatti, N.E. (1976): interspecific hybridization by protoplast fusion in Nicotiana. J. Hered. 67, 123–128
Stavely, J.R. (1979): Disease resistance. In: Nicotiana: Procedures for Experimental Use (ed. Durban. R.D). USDA Bull. 1586, 87–110
Wetter, L.R. (1977): Isoenzyme patterns in soybean — Nicotiana somatic hybrid cell lines. Mol. Gen. Genet. 150, 231–235
Wetter, L.R.; Kao, K.N. (1976): The use of isozymes in distinguishing the sexual and somatic hybrids in callus cultures derived from Nicotiana. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 80, 455–462
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by G. Melchers
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Evans, D.A., Flick, C.E., Kut, S.A. et al. Comparison of Nicotiana tabacum and Nicotiana nesophila hybrids produced by ovule culture and protoplast fusion. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 62, 193–198 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00276236
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00276236