Summary
In this paper, we extend the study of the IGHG gene RFLPs in black African persons and in some other individuals characterized by a Negroid admixture. We demonstrate a polymorphism that is much more important in black Africans, that in Caucasoids, mainly for the IGHG3 and G1 genes, the most 5′ members of the IGHG multigene family. These genes encode for the IgG3 and IgG1 subclasses, which are of crucial biological importance.
This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bech-Hansen NT, Linsley PS, Cox DW (1983) Restriction fragment polymorphisms associated with immunoglobulin Cγ genes reveal linkage disequilibrium and genomic organization. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:6952–6956
Blanc M, Ducos J (1986) Les allotypes des systèmes Gm et Km dans les provinces françaises. Colloque INSERM 142:207–226
Buresi C, Ghanem N, Huck S, Lefranc G, Lefranc M-P (1989) Exon duplication and triplication in the human T-cell receptor gamma constant region genes and RFLP in French, Lebanese, Tunisian, and Black African populations. Immunogenetics 29:161–172
Chaabani H, Bech-Hansen NT, Cox DW (1986) Restriction fragment length polymorphisms associated with immunoglobulin heavy chain gamma genes in Tunisians. Hum Genet 73:110–113
Flanagan JG, Rabbitts TH (1982) Arrangement of human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region genes implies evolutionary duplication of a segment containing γ, ε, and α genes. Nature 300: 709–713
Ghanem N, Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G (1988a) Definition of the RFLP alleles in the human immunoglobulin IGHG gene locus. Eur J Immunol 18:1059–1065
Ghanem N, Dugoujon JM, Bensmana M, Huck S, Lefranc M-P, Lefranc C (1988b) Restriction fragment haplotypes in the human immunoglobulin IGHG gene locus and their correlation with the Gm polymorphism. Eur J Immunol 18:1067–1072
Ghanem N, Dugoujon JM, Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G (1989) BstEII restriction fragment alleles and haplotypes of the human IGHG genes with reference to the BamHI/SacI RFLPs and to the Gm polymorphism. Exp Clin Immunogenet 6:39–54
Grubb R (1970) The genetic markers of human immunoglobulins. (Molecular biology, biochemistry and biophysics, vol 9) Springer, Berlin Heidelberg New York
Heremans JF (1974) Immunoglobulin A. In: Sela M (ed) The antigens II. Academic Press, New York London, pp 365–522
Huck S, Fort P, Crawford DH, Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G (1986a) Sequence of a human immunoglobulin gamma 3 heavy chain constant region gene: comparison with the other human Cγ genes. Nucleic Acids Res 14:1779–1789
Huck S, Keyeux G, Ghanem N, Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G (1986b) A gamma 3 hinge region probe: first specific human immunoglobulin subclass probe. FEBS Lett 208:221–230
Kabat EA, Wu TT, Reid-Miller M, Perry HM, Gottesman KS (1987) Sequences of proteins of immunological interest. US Department of Health and Human Services, NIH, Public Health Service, Washington, DC
Krawinkel U, Rabbits TH (1982) Comparison of the hinge coding segments in human immunoglobulin gamma heavy chain genes and the linkage of the gamma 2 and gamma 4 subclass genes. EMBO J 1:403–407
Lefranc G, Rivat L, Serre JL, Lalouel JM, Pison G, Loiselet J, Ropartz C, Lange G de, Loghem E van (1978) Common and uncommon immunoglobulin haplotypes among Lebanese communities. Hum Genet 41:197–209
Lefranc G, Lange G de, Rivat L, Langaney A, Lefranc M-P, Ellouze F, Sfar G, Sfar M, Loghem E van (1979) Gm, Am and Km immunoglobulin allotypes of two populations in Tunisia. Hum Genet 50:199–211
Lefranc G, Lefranc M-P, Helal AN (1982) Unusual heavy chains of human IgG immunoglobulins: rearrangements of the CH domain exons. J Immunogenet 9:1–9
Lefranc G, Chaabani H, Loghem E van, Lefranc M-P, Lange G de, Helal AN (1983) Simultaneous absence of the human IgG1, IgG2, IgG4 and IgA1 subclasses: immunological and immunogenetical considerations. Eur J Immunol 13:240–244
Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G (1987) Human immunoglobulin heavy-chain multigene deletions in healthy individuals. FEBS Lett 213:231–237
Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G, Rabbitts TH (1982) Inherited deletion of immunoglobulin heavy chain constant regions genes in normal individuals. Nature 300:760–762
Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G, Lange G de, Out TA, Broek PJ van den, Nieuwkoop J van, Radl J, Helal AN, Chaabani H, Loghem E van, Rabbitts TH (1983) Instability of the human immunoglobulin heavy chain constant region locus indicated by different inherited chromosomal deletions. Mol Biol Med 1:207–217
Lefranc M-P, Helal AN, Lange G de, Chaabani H, Loghem E van, Lefranc G (1986) Gene conversion in human immunoglobulin gamma locus shown by unusual location of IgG allotypes. FEBS Lett 196:96–102
Linsley PS, Bech-Hansen NT, Siminovitch L (1983) Analysis of a break in chromosome 14 mapping to the region of the immunoglobulin heavy chain locus. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 80:1997–2001
Loghem E van (1971) Formal genetics of the immunoglobulin system. Ann NY Acad Sci 190:136–149
Loghem E van, Natvig JB, Matsumoto H (1970) Genetic markers of immunoglobulins in Japanese families. Inheritance of associated markers belonging to one IgA and three IgG subclasses. Ann Hum Genet 33:351–359
Loghem E van, Wang AC, Shuster J (1973) A new genetic marker of human immunoglobulins determined by an allele at the α2 locus. Vox Sang 24:481–488
Loghem E van, Sukernik RI, Osipova LP, Zegers BJM, Matsumoto H, Lange G de, Lefranc G (1980) Gene deletion and gene duplication within the cluster of human heavy chain genes. Selective absence of IgG subclasses. J Immunogenet 7:285–299
Loghem E van, Lange G de, Leeuwen F van, Eede PH van, Nijenhuis LE, Lefranc M-P, Lefranc G (1982) Human IgG allotypes co-occurring in more than one IgG subclass. Vox Sang 43:301–309
Loghem E van, Aalberse RC, Matsumoto H (1984) A genetic marker of human IgE heavy chains, Em(1). Vox Sang 46:195–206
Natvig JB, Kunkel HG (1973) Human immunoglobulins: classes, subclasses, genetic variants and idiotypes. Adv Immunol 16:1–59
Putnam FW (1977) Immunoglobulins. In: Putnam FW (ed) The plasma proteins III. Academic Press, New York London, pp 1–284
Schanfield MS, Fudenberg HH (1975) The anthropological usefulness of the IgA allotypic markers. In: Biosocial interrelations in population adaptation. Mouton, Amsterdam, pp 105–114
Shows TB, McAlpine PJ, Boucheix C, Collins FS, Conneally PM, Frezal J, Gershowitz H, Goodfellow PN, Hall JG, Issitt P, Jones CA, Knowles BB, Lewis M, McKusick VA, Meisler M, Morton NE, Rubinstein P, Schanfield MS, Schmickel RD, Skolnick MH, Spence MA, Sutherland GR, Traver M, Van Cong N, Willard HF (1987) Guidelines for human gene nomenclature. An international system for human gene nomenclature (ISGN, 1987). (9th International Workshop on Human Gene Mapping) Cytogenet Cell Genet 46:11–28
Steinberg AG (1969) Globulin polymorphisms in man. Annu Rev Genet 3:25–52
Steinberg AG (1973) Contribution of the Gm and Inv allotypes to the characterization of human populations. Isr J Med Sci 9:1249–1256
Steinberg AG, Jenkins T, Nurse GT, Harpending HC (1975) Gammaglobulin groups of the Khoisan peoples of Southern Africa: evidence for polymorphism for a Gm 1,5,13,14,21 haplotype among the Sans. Am J Hum Genet 27:528–542
WHO (1976) Meeting on human immunoglobulin allotypic markers. J Immunogenet 3:357–362
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ghanem, N., Bensmana, M., Dugoujon, J.M. et al. BamHI and SacI RFLPs of the human immunoglobulin IGHG genes with reference to the Gm polymorphism in African people. Hum Genet 83, 37–44 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00274144
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00274144