Abstract
Plantlets were regenerated from a selected salt-tolerant cell line of Shamouti orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Embryogenesis was carried out both in the presence and absence of NaCl, yielding green and white globular embryos, respectively. Greening could be induced subsequently and normal heart shape embryo development was obtained. Plantlet formation required exposure to kinetin prior to the introduction of the root-inducing hormone naphthalene acetic acid. This system differs from the designed protocol for plant regeneration from the salt-sensitive, i.e., unselected callus. It is concluded that NaCl interferes with the regeneration process, with embryogenesis and/or embryo development into plantlets. Its presence during callus growth probably changes the balance of the phytohormones which is later manifested in plant regeneration. Citrus salt-tolerant callus yields salt-tolerant embryos. Salt-tolerant calli derived from regenerated plantlets indicate acquisition of salt tolerance on the whole plant level.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ben-Hayyim G, Kochba J (1983) Aspects of salt tolerance in a NaCl-selected stable cell line of Citrus sinensis. Plant Physiol. 72:685–690
Ben-Hayyim G, Neumann H (1983) Stimulatory effect of glycerol on growth and somatic embryognesis in citrus callus cultures. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 110: 331–337
Bhaskaran S, Smith RH, Schertz K (1983) Sodium chloride tolerant callus of Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 112:459–463
Bressan RA, Singh NK, Handa AK, Konowicz A, Hasegawa PM (1985) Stable and unstable tolerance to NaCl in cultured tobacco cells. In: Freeling M (ed) Plant genetics. Alan R. Liss, Inc. pp. 755–769
Bressan RA, Singh NK, Handa AK, Mount R, Clithero Y, Hasegawa PM (1987) Stability and altered genetic expression in cultured cells adapted to salt. In: Monti L, Porceddu U (eds) Drought resistance in plants, physiological and genetic aspects. Commission of the European Communities, Luxembourg
Chandler SF, Vasil IK (1984) Selection and characterization of NaCl tolerant cells from embryogenic cultures of Pennisetum purpureum Schum. (Napier grass). Plant Sci. Lett. 37:157–164
Epstein E, Norlyn ID, Rugh DW, Kingsbury RW, Kelly DB, Cunningham GA (1980) Saline culture of crops: a genetic approach. Science 210:399–404
Kochba J, Button J, Spiegel-Roy P, Bornman CH, Kochba M (1974) Stimulation of rooting of citrus embryoids by gibberellic acid and adenine sulphate. Ann. Bot. 38:795–802
McHughen A, Swartz M (1984) A tissue culture derived salt-tolerant line of flax (Linum usitatissimum) J. Plant Physiol. 117:109–117
Murashige T, Tucker DPH (1969) Growth factor requirements of citrus tissue culture. In Chapman H (ed) Proceeding 1st. Int. Citrus Symposia, Vol. 3, University of California, Riverside, pp. 1155–1161
Nabors MW, Gibbs SE, Bernstein CS, Meis ME (1980) NaCl-tolerant tobacco plants from cultured cells. Z. Pflanzenphysiol. 97:13–17
Nabors MW, Kroskey CS, McHugh DM (1982) Green spots are predictors of high callus growth rates and shoot formation in normal and in salt stressed tissue cultures of oat (Avena sativa L.). Z. Pflanzenphysiol 105:341–349
Rains DW, Croughan SS, Croughan TP (1986) Isolation and characterizaiton of mutant cell lines and plants: Salt tolerance. In: Vasil IK (ed) Cell culture and somatic cell genetics of plants. Vol 3, Academic press, Inc. New-York, NY pp. 537–547
Singh NK, LaRosa PC, Handa AK, Hasegawa PM, Bressan RA (1987) Hormonal regulation of protein synthesis associated with salt tolerance in plant cells. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA 84:739–743
Spiegel-Roy P, Ben-Hayyim G (1985) Selection and breeding for salinity tolerance in vitro. Plant Soil 89:243–252
Stavarek SJ, Croughan TP, Rains DW (1980) Regeneration of plants from long-term cultures of alfalfa cells. Plant Sci. Lett. 19:253–261
Vardi A, Breiman A, Galun E (1987) Citrus cybrids: Production by donor-recipient protoplast-fusion and verification by mitochondrial-DNA restriction profiles. Theor. Appl. Genet. 75:51–58
Wong C, Ko S, Woo S (1983) Regeneration of rice plantlets on NaCl-stressed medium by anther culture. Bot. Bull. Acad. Sin. 24:59–64
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by I.K. Vasil
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Ben-Hayyim, G., Goffer, Y. Plantlet regeneration from a NaCl-selected salt-tolerant callus culture of Shamouti orange (Citrus sinensis L. Osbeck). Plant Cell Reports 7, 680–683 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00272060
Received:
Revised:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00272060