Summary
Some physico-chemical properties of the DNAs released from the actinophages SH3, SH10, SH11, and SH12 are described. The four phage DNAs have a linear double-stranded secondary structure and are unique with respect to their high G·C contents which, from melting studies and buoyant density experiments, were found to be in the range of 68–73 mol-%. The DNA molecular weights were determined by sedimentation velocity experiments and by electron microscopic length measurements, the mean values of the two corresponding data sets being 34.0·106 (SH3), 26.7·106 (SH10), 26.1·106 (SH11), and 28.7·106 (SH12) with a mean relative error of ±5%. From different observations it was concluded that SH10 DNA, and possibly also SH11 and SH12 DNA, have cohesive ends and can undergo intramolecular or intermolecular association to form ring-like monomers or linear and ring-like multimers. Cleavage of the DNAs of SH3, SH10, SH11, and SH12 by EcoRI restriction endonuclease delivered two, one, zero, and two cleavage sites, respectively, and by BamHI restriction endonuclease eight, zero, zero, and zero cleavage sites, respectively.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Bächi, B., Arber, W.: Physical mapping of BglII, BamHI, EcoRI, HindIII and PstI restriction fragments of Bacteriophage P1 DNA. Mol. Gen. Genet. 153, 311–324 (1977)
Chater, K.F., Wilde, L.C.: Restriction of a bacteriophage of Streptomyces albus G involving endonuclease SalI. J. Bacteriol. 128, 644–650 (1976)
Davidson, N., Szybalski, W.: Physical and chemical characteristics of lambda DNA. In: The bacteriophage lambda (Hershey, A.D., ed.), pp. 45–82. New York: Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory 1971
Davis, R.W., Simon, M., Davidson, N.: Electron microscope heteroduplex methods for mapping regions of base sequence homology in nucleic acids. In: Methods in enzymology (Grossman, L. and Moldave, K., eds.), Vol. 21 D, pp. 413–428. New York: Academic Press 1971
Dowding, J.E.: Characterization of a bacteriophage virulent for Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2). J. Gen. Microbiol. 78, 163–176 (1976)
Dowding, J.E., Hopwood, D.A.: Temperate bacteriophages for Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) isolated from soil. J. Gen. Microbiol. 78, 349–359 (1973)
Evenson, D.P.: Electron microscopy of viral nucleic acids. In: Methods in virology (Maramorosch, K. and Koprowski, H., eds.), Vol. VI, pp. 220–262. New York: Academic Press 1977
Felsenfeld, G., Hirschman, S.Z.: A neighbour interaction analysis of the hyperchromism and spectra of DNS. J. Mol. Biol. 13, 407–427 (1965)
Frank-Kamenetskii, M.D.: Simplification of the empirical relationship between melting temperature of DNA, its GC content and concentration of sodium ions in solution. Biopolymers 10, 2623–2624 (1971)
Frank-Kamenetskii, M.D., Vologodskii, A.V.: The nature of the fine structure of DNA melting curves. Nature 269, 729–730 (1977)
Hattman, S.: Partial purification of the Escherichia coli K-12 mec+ deoxyribonucleic acid-cytosine methylase: in vitro methylation completely protects bacteriophage lambda deoxyribonucleic acid against cleavage by R·EcoR II. J. Bacteriol. 129, 1330–1334 (1977)
Helling, R.B., Goodman, H.M., Boyer, H.W.: Analysis of endonuclease R·EcoR I fragments of DNA from lambdoid bacteriophages and other virurses by agarose gel electrophoresis. J. Virol. 14, 1235–1244 (1974)
Hershey, A.D., Burgi, E., Ingraham, L.: Cohesion of DNA molecules isolated from phage lambda. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. 49, 748–756 (1963)
Hopwood, D.A.: Developments in actinomycete genetics. In: Genetics of industrial microorganisms: actinomycetes and fungi (Vanek, Z., Hostalek, Z. and Cudlin, J., eds.), pp. 21–46. Prague: Academia 1973
Ifft, J.B., Voet, D.H., Vinograd, J.: The determination of density distributions and density gradients in binary solutions at equilibrium in the ultracentrifuge. J. Phys. Chem. 65, 1138–1145 (1961)
Klaus, S., Süss, F., Juch, C., Hauck, A.: Characterization of the virulent actinophage S2. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 18, 575–586 (1978)
Lang, D.: Molecular weights of coliphages and coliphage DNA III. Contour length and molecular weight of DNA from bacteriophages T4, T5 and T7, and from bovine papilloma virus. J. Mol. Biol. 54, 557–565 (1970)
Lazurkin, Yu.S., Frank-Kamenetskii, M.D., Trifonov, E.N.: Melting of DNA: Its study and application as a research method. Biopolymers 9, 1253–1306 (1970)
Lomovskaja, N.D., Emeljanova, L.K., Alikhanian, S.I.: The genetic location of prophage on the chromosome of Streptomyces coelicolor. Genetics 68, 341–347 (1971)
Lomovskaja, N.D., Mkrtumian, M.N., Gostimskaja, N.L., Danilenko, V.N.: Characterization of temperate actinophage ϕC31 isolated from Streptomyces coelicolar A3(2). J. Virol. 9, 258–262 (1972)
Mandell, I.D., Hershey, A.D.: A fractionating column for analysis of nucleic acids. Anal. Biochem. 1, 66–72 (1960)
Marmur, J., Doty, P.: Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its thermal melting temperature. J. Mol. Biol. 5, 109–118 (1962)
Rautenstein, J.I., Solovyeva, N.J., Roth, M., Noack, D., Klaus, S.: Lysogeny of the culture of Streptomyces hygroscopicus producing the antibiotic turimycin and some characteristics of its temperate phage. Mikrobiologia 45, 922–924 (1977) [in Russian]
Reinert, K.E., Straßburger, J., Triebel, H.: Molecular weights and hydrodynamic properties for homogeneous native DNA, derived from diffusion, sedimentation, and viscosity measurements on polydisperse samples. Biopolymers 10, 285–307 (1971)
Roth, M., Noack, D., Solovyeva, N.Y., Rautenstein, J.I.: Effective enrichment of the temperate actinophage SH3 and its interaction with Streptomyces hygroscopicus. Z. Allg. Mikrobiol. 18, 147–149 (1978)
Schildkraut, C.L., Marmur, J., Doty, P.: Determination of the base composition of deoxyribonucleic acid from its buoyant density in CsCl. J. Mol. Biol. 4, 430–443 (1962)
Schmid, C.W., Hearst, J.E.: Density-gradient sedimentation equilibrium of DNA and the effective density gradient of several salts. Biopolymers 10, 1901–1905 (1971)
Sladkova, I.A., Lomovskaja, N.D., Chenenova, T.A.: The structure and size of genome of the actinophage ϕC31 of Streptomyces coelicolor. Genetika 13, 342–344 (1977) [in Russian]
Strongin, A.Ya., Kozlov, Yu.I., Debabov, V.G., Arsatians, R.A., Zlockevsky, M.L.: A reliable technique for large-scale DNA Separation. Anal. Biochem. 79, 1–10 (1977)
Szybalski, W., Szybalski, E.H.: Equilibrium density gradient centrifugation. In: Procedures in nucleic acid research (Cantoni, G.L. and Davies, D.R. eds.), Vol. 2, pp. 311–354. New York: Harper and Row 1977
Thomas, M., Davis, R.W.: Studies on the cleavage of bacteriophage Lambda DNA with EcoRI restriction endonuclease. J. Mol. Biol. 91, 315–328 (1975)
Triebel, H.: Anomalies in the sedimentation behaviour of high molecular weight DNA isolated from Proteus mirabilis. Biopolymers 6, 449–459 (1968)
Triebel, H., Reinert, K.E.: Sedimentation analysis of the ionic strength dependence of the tertiary structure of native DNA in solution. Biopolymers 10, 827–837 (1971)
Wang, J.C., Davidson, N.: Thermodynamic and kinetic studies on the intraconversion between the linear and circular forms of phage λDNA. J. Mol. Biol. 15, 111–123 (1966)
Wang, J.C., Davidson, N.: Cyclization of phage λDNAs. Cold Spring Harbor symp. Quant. Biol. 33, 409–415 (1968)
Welsch, M.: Biology of actinophages. Annu. Rev. Microbiol. 22, 43–62 (1969)
Welsch, M., Rutten-Pinckaers, A., Selman, M.: Recherche sur des Streptomyces D'Afrique Centrale. IV. Isoantibiose, lysogenie et actinophages. Bull. Soc. Roy. Sci. Lg. 32, 529–549 (1963)
Westmoreland, B.C., Szybalski, W., Ris, H.: Mapping of deletions and substitutions in heteroduplex DNA molecules of bacteriophage lambda by electron microscopy. Science 163, 1343–1348 (1969)
Wilson, G.A., Young, F.E.: Isolation of a sequence-specific endonuclease (BamI) from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens H. J. Mol. Biol. 97, 123–125 (1975)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by H. Böhme
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Klaus, S., Triebel, H., Hartmann, M. et al. Molecular characterization of the genomes of actinophages SH3, SH10, SH11, and SH12 infecting Streptomyces hygroscopicus . Molec. Gen. Genet. 172, 319–327 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271732
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00271732