Summary
Laws of excitability, activity and interactivity were established in their basic forms concerning not only the slope and time factors of an effective stimulus to a physiological system, but also concerning relative differences in the stimulus, moving stimulus, reciprocal inhibition, etc., and further the basis was established for the unification of these laws in the above various situations.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Barlow, H. B.: Optic nerve impulses and Weber's law. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 30, 539–546 (1965).
— Hill, R. M.: Selective sensitivity to direction of movement in ganglion cells of rabbit retina. Science 139, 412–414 (1963).
Baumgartner, G., Brown, J. L.: Visual motion detection in the cat. Science 146, 1070–1071 (1964).
Brown, A. G., Iggo, G.: A quantitative study of cutaneous receptors and afferent fibers in the cat and rabbit. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 193, 707–733 (1967).
Cleland, B. G., Enroth-Cugell, C.: Quantitative aspects of gain and latency in the retina. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 206, 73–91 (1970).
Cohen, M. J.: The dual role of sensory systems: Detection and setting central excitability. Cold Spr. Harb. Symp. quant. Biol. 30, 587–599 (1965).
Ehrenberger, K., Finkenzeller, P., Keidel, W. D., Platting, K. H.: Electrophysiologische Korrelation der Stevensschen Potenzfunktion und objektive Schwellenmessung am Vibrationssinn des Menschen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 290, 114–123 (1966).
Finkelstein, D. von, Grüsser, O.-J., Reich-Motel, H.: Reaktionen einzelner Retinaneurone des Frosches (Rana esculenta) auf bewegte Reize verschiedener Winkelgeschwindigkeit. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 238, R 48–49 (1965).
Franzen, O., Offenloch, K.: Evoked response correlates of psychophysical magnitude estimates for tactile stimulation in man. Exp. Brain Res. 8, 1–18 (1969).
Heino, T. A., Hyvärinen, J., Sovijärvi, A. R. A.: Rate changes in spontaneous neuronal impulse sequences. Acta physiol. scand. 78, 529–538 (1970).
Hoglund, G., Lindblom, U.: The discharge in single touch receptors elicited by defined mechanical stimuli. Acta physiol. scand. 52, 108–119 (1961).
Hubel, D. H., Wiesel, T. N.: Receptive fields, binocular interaction and functional architecture in the cat's visual cortex. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 160, 106–154 (1962).
Jäning, W., Schmidt, R. F., Zimmermann, M.: Single unit responses and the total afferent outflow from the cat's foot pad upon mechanical stimulation. Exp. Brain Res. 6, 100–115 (1968).
Katz, B.: Depolarization of sensory terminals and the initiation of impulses in the muscle spindle. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 111, 261–282 (1950).
Kawamura, T., Sato, K., Goto, M.: On the cutaneo-respiratory reflex in rabbit. Jap. J. Physiol. 14, 270–279 (1964).
Keidel, W. D.: On the neurophysiological exponents of Stevens' power functions electrically computed in man. Digest 6th Int. Conf. Med. Electr. Biol. Engnr., 467–470, Tokyo, Japan (1965).
Kitajima, H.: On the cerebral evoked response in man as a function of the intensity of flicker stimulation. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 22, 325–336 (1967).
Kuhnt, U.: Visuelle Reaktionspotentiale an Menschen und Katzen in Abhängigkeit von der Intensität. Pflügers Arch, ges. Physiol. 298, 82–104 (1967).
Lindblom, U.: Properties of touch receptors in distal glabrous skin of the monkey. J. Neurophysiol. 28, 966–985 (1965).
Loewenich, V. V., Finkenzeller, P.: Reizstärkenabhängigkeit und Stevenssche Potenzfunktion beim optisch evozierten Potential des Menschen. Pflügers Arch. ges. Physiol. 293, 256–271 (1967).
Matthews, B. H. C.: The response of a single end organ. J. Physiol. (Lond.) 71, 64–110 (1931).
Maturana, H. R., Frenk, S.: Directional movement and horizontal edge detectors in the pigeon retina. Science 139, 977–979 (1963).
Mimura, K.: Integration and analysis of movement information by the visual system of flies. Nature (Lond.) 226, 964–966 (1970).
Montero, V. M., Brugge, J. F.: Direction to movement as the significant stimulus parameter for some lateral geniculate cells in the rat. Vision Res. 9, 71–88 (1969).
Morita, H., Yamashita, S.: Further studies on the receptor potentials of chemoreceptors of blowfly. Mem. Sci. Kyûshû Univ. E (Biol.), 4, 83–93 (1966).
Mountcastle, V. B., Poggio, G. F., Werner, G.: The relation of thalamic cell response to peripheral stimuli varied over an intensive continum. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 807–834 (1963).
Nilsson, B. Y.: Structure and function of the tactile hair receptors on the cat's foreleg. Acta physiol. scand. 77, 396–416 (1969).
Petoe, N.: Cutaneous afferent pathway. Ph.D. Thesis. England: University of Newcastle-upon-Tyne, 248 p. (1966).
Sato, K.: On the effects of cutaneous pressure-stimulation upon the respiratory, cardiac and muscular movements of the frog. J. Physiol. Soc. Jap. 16, 597–604 (1954).
— On the “transforming action” related to the threshold, chronaxie and accommodation constant of a living excitable system. Jap. J. Physiol. 9, 327–335 (1959).
— On the linear model of the brain activity in electroencephalographic potential. Folia psychiat. neurol. jap. 17, 156–166 (1963).
Sato, K. On the brain masspotential analysis. Diggest of Int. Conf. Med. Engnr. Biol. Engnr., 458–459, Tokyo, Japan (1965).
— On some basic laws in physiological systems. Kybernetik 4, 195–197 (1968).
— On the effect of cutaneous stimulations upon EEG, respiratory and muscular activities of frog. Acta med. Nagasaki 14, 14–27 (1969a).
— On the interactivity and recovery function in physiological systems. Kybernetik 6, 146–148 (1969b).
— Kitajima, K.: On the average EEG response activities in relation to the intensity of flicker stimulation. Jap. J. Physiol. 15, 596–622 (1965).
— Mimura, K., Hirota, N., Tagawa, Y., Ochi, N.: On the cerebral visual evoked potentials in relation to EEG. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 30, 123–138 (1971).
— Ozaki, T., Mimura, K., Masuya, S., Honda, N., Nishikawa, T., Sonoda, T.: On the physiological significance of the average timeand frequency-patterns of electroencephalogram. Electroenceph. clin. Neurophysiol. 13, 208–215 (1961).
— Suetsugu, T., Nagata, Y., Kitajima, H.: On the interactivity in the human visual cortex caused by specific and nonspecific inflows. Kybernetik 7, 60–72 (1970).
Sherrington, C.: The integrative action of the nervous system. New Haven: Yale University Press 1947.
Stevens, S.S.: The psychophysics of sensory function. In: W. A. Rosenblith (ed.), Sensory communication, p. 1–33. New York: Wiley 1961.
Strashill, M., Hoffman, K. P.: Response characteristics of movement-detecting neurons in pretectal region of the cat. Exp. Neurol. 25, 165–176 (1969).
— Taghavy, A.: Neuronale Reaktionen im Tectum Opticum der Katze auf bewegte und stationäre Lichtreize. Exp. Brain Res 3, 353–367 (1967).
Tagawa, Y.: On the flash impulse responses in the visual system of unanesthetized cat as related to the stimulus intensity. Acta med. Nagasaki 11, 1–20 (1966).
Tapper, D. N.: Stimulus-response relationship in the cutaneous slowly-adapting mechanoreceptor in hairy skin of the cat. Exp. Neurol. 13, 364–385 (1965).
Vernon, B., Mountcastle, V. E., Poggio, G. F., Werner, G.: The relation of thalamic cell response to peripheral stimuli varied over an intensive continum. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 807–834 (1963).
Werner, G., Mountcastle, V. B.: The variability of central neural activity in a sensory system and its implications for the central reflection of sensory events. J. Neurophysiol. 26, 359–397 (1965).
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sato, K. On the unified laws of excitability, activity and interactivity of physiological systems. Kybernetik 9, 45–55 (1971). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00270851
Received:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00270851