Summary
A diploid yeast strain, D81, was constructed heterozygous for seven recessive markers linked on the left arm of chromosome VII to study the localization of induced mitotic crossing over.
The mutagens used were carofur also called nifurprazinum (1-(5-nitro-2-furyl)-2-(6-amino-3-pyridazyl)-ethylene hydrochloride), diepoxybutane, ethylmethanesulfonate, nitrous acid and 1-nitrosoimidazolidinone-2. All agents induced high frequencies of mitotic crossing over at doses exerting only a low degree of killing.
The distribution of recombinational events was compared for five intervals. The distribution pattern of spontaneous mitotic crossing over was different from all the patterns obtained after mutagenic treatments. Nitrous acid and diepoxybutane induced the same pattern, which was different from the patterns induced by carofur, EMS and 1-nitrosoimidazolidinone-2. The patterns induced by the latter three mutagens were again different amongst each other. Repeat experiments showed that the patterns induced by a given mutagen were reproducible.
Tetrad analysis with a representative sample of segregants induced by diepoxybutane and carofur showed that the treatments actually induced mitotic crossing-over.
The pattern of meiotic recombinational events was different from those of spontaneous and mutagen induced mitotic recombination. Inducibility of mitotic crossing-over was low at the proximal and distal ends of the chromosome arm and highest in the middle. Each interval showed a different response to those mutagens that differed in their patterns of induced mitotic crossing over.
The observed mutagen specific effects are considered as an indication of mutagen specificity. No plausible explanation for mutagen specificity could be given. However, the data presented reveal the same situation as found in induction of chromosome breaks, as reported by other authors. Apparently, mutagen specificity is quite a general phenomenon even for genetic effects in larger intervals of a chromosome.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Auerbach, C.: Mutagen specificity. Trans. Kansas Acad. Sci. 72, 273–295 (1970)
Auerbach, C.: Mutagenesis. Introduction by the chairman. Genetics 78, 77–79 (1974)
Becker, H. J.: Über Röntgenmosaikflecken und Defektmutationen am Auge von Drosophila und die Entwicklungsphysiologie des Auges. Z. indukt. Abstamm.- u. Vererb.-L. 88, 333–373 (1957)
Cox, B. S., Parry, J. M.: The isolation, genetics and survival characteristics of ultravioletlight sensitive mutants in yeast. Mutation Res. 6, 37–55 (1968)
Deshayes, A., Dulieu, H.: Étude des variations somatiques de deux mutants chlorophylliens de Nicotiana tabaccum L., leur nature génétique et les facteurs qui les favorisent. In: Polyploidy and induced mutations in plant breeding, IAEA, PL-503/14: 85–99 (1974)
Dulieu, H., Boelpaepe, R. de, Deshayes, A.: Sur l'existence spontanée de recombinaisons somatique chez un mutant de Nicotiana xanthi n.c. et leur induction par le rayonnement γ; premiers études génétiques, C. R. Acad. Sci. (Paris) 272, 3287–3290 (1971)
Esposito, M. S.: X-ray and meiotic fine structure mapping of the adenine-8 locus in Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Genetics 58, 507–527 (1968)
Fogel, S., Mortimer, R. K.: Recombination in yeast. Ann. Rev. Genet. 5, 219–236 (1971)
Game, J. C., Cox, B. S.: Allelism tests of mutants affecting sensitivity to radiation yeast and a proposed nomenclature. Mutation Res. 12, 328–331 (1971)
Gläss, E.: Nicht zufallsmäßige Verteilung röntgeninduzierter Brüche auf den Chromosomen von Bellevalia romana, Port. Acta Biol. A 8, 153–176 (1964)
Gläss, B., Marquardt, H.: Die Anordnung der Chromosomen und die röntgeninduzierten Chromatidtranslokationen bei Bellevalia romana. J. int. Radiat. Biol. 11, 145–151 (1966a)
Gläss, E., Marquardt, H.: Verteilung und Lokalisation induzierter Brüche auf den Chromosomen von Bellevalia romana. I. Methylphenyl-nitrosamin, Diäthylsulfat, Methylmethansulfonat. Z. Vererbungsl. 98, 167–179 (1966b)
Gläss, E., Marquardt, H.: Verteilung und Lokalisation induzierter Brüche auf den Chromosomen von Bellevalia. II. N-Nitroso-N-methylurethan und N-Nitroso-N-äthylurethan. Z. Vererbungsl. 98, 363–374 (1966c)
Gläss, E., Marquardt, H.: Verteilung und Lokalisation induzierter Brüche auf den Chromosomen von Bellevalia. III. Natriumnitrit. Molec. gen. Genet. 99, 40–48 (1967)
Gläss, E., Marquardt, H.: Distribution and localization of induced breaks on the chromosomes of Bellevalia romana. IV. N-Nitroso-N-methylurea, N, N′-dinitroso-N, N′-dimethylterephthalamide and 1-nitrosoimidazolidone-2. Molec. gen. Genet. 101, 307–316 (1968)
Gutz, H.: Distribution of X-ray- and nitrous acid induced mutations in the genetic fine stracture map of the ad 7 locus of Schizosaccharomyces pombe. Nature (Lond.) 191, 1124–1125 (1961)
Heslot, H.: Etude quantitative de réversions biochimiques induites chez la levure Schizosaccharomyces par des radiations et des substances radiomimétiques. Abh. dtsch. Akad. Wiss. Berlin. Kl. Medizin, Nr. 1, 192–231 (1962)
Kilbey, B. J.: The stabilization of a transient mutagen-sensitive state in Neurospora by the protein synthesis inhibitor actidione. Molec. gen. Genet. 123, 67–72 (1973a)
Kilbey, B. J.: The manipulation of mutation-induction kinetics in Neurospora crassa. Molec. gen. Genet. 123, 73–76 (1973b)
Marquardt, H.: Die Verteilung röntgeninduzierter Veränderungen auf den Chromosomen von Bellevalia romana. Ber. dtsch. bot. Ges. 60, 98–124 (1943)
Marquardt, H., Laer, U. von, Zimmermann, F. K.: Das spontane, Nitrosamid- und Nitritinduzierte Mutationsmuster von 6 Adenin-Genloci der Hefe. Z. Vererbungsl. 98, 1–9 (1966)
Mayer, V. W.: Induction of mitotic recombination in Saccharomyces cerevisiae by breakdown products of dimethylnitrosamine, diethylnitrosamine 1-naphythalamine and 2-naphthylamine formed by an in vitro hydroxylating system. Genetics 74, 433–443 (1973)
Morpurgo, G.: Induction of mitotic crossing-over in Aspergillus nidulans by bifunctional alkylating agents. Genetics 48, 1159–1163 (1963)
Nakai, S., Mortimer, R. K.: Studies of the genetic mechanism of radiation induced mitotic segregation in yeast. Molec. gen. Genet. 103, 329–338 (1969)
Parry, J. M.: Comparison of the effects of ultraviolet light and ethylmethanesulfonate upon the frequency of mitotic recombination in yeast. Molec. gen. Genet. 106, 66–72 (1969)
Prakash, L.: Lack of chemically induced mutation in repair-deficient mutants of yeast. Genetics, 78, 1101–1118 (1974)
Prakash, L., Sherman, F.: Mutagenic specificity: reversion of iso-1-cytochrome c mutants of yeast. J. molec. Biol. 79, 65–82 (1973)
Rieger, R., Michaelis, A., Schubert, I., Döbel, P., Jank, H.-W.: Non-random intrachromosomal distribution of chromatid aberrations induced by X-rays, alkylating agents and ethanol in Vicia faba. Mutation Res. 27, 69–79 (1975)
Shaw, M. W., Cohen, M. M.: Chromosome exchanges in human leukocytes induced by mitomycin. Genetics 51, 181–190 (1965)
Sherman, F., Stewart, J. W.: Variation of mutagenic action on nonsense mutants at different sites in the iso-1-cytochrome gene of yeast. Genetics 78, 97–113 (1974)
Stewart, J. W., Sherman, F., Shipman, N. A., Jackson, N.: Identification and mutational relocation of the AUG codon initiating translation of iso-1-cytochrome c in yeast. J. Biol. Chem. 246, 7429–7445 (1971)
Vig, B. K.: Chromosome aberrations induced in human leukocytes by the antileukemic antibiotic adriamycin.Cancer Research 31, 32–38 (1971)
Vig, B. K.: Soybean (Glycine max): A new test system for study of genetic parameters as affected by environmental mutagens. Mutation Res. 31, 49–56 (1975)
Vig, B. K., Paddock, E. F.: Alterations by mitomycin C of spot frequencies in soybean leaves.J. Hered. 59, 225–229 (1968)
Vig, B. K., Samuels, L. D., Kontras, S. B.: Specificity of daunomycin in causing chromosome aberrations in human leukocytes. Chromosoma (Berl.) 29, 62–73 (1970)
Zetterberg, G.: On the specific mutagenic effect of NMU in Ophiostoma. Hereditas (Lund.) 48, 371–389 (1961)
Zimmermann, F. K.: Induction of mitotic gene conversion by mutagens. Mutation Res. 11, 327–337 (1971)
Zimmermann, F. K.: A yeast strain for visual screening for the two reciprocal products of mitotic crossing over. Mutation Res. 21, 263–269 (1973)
Zimmermann, F. K.: Procedures used in the induction of mitotic recombination and mutation in the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Mutation Res. 31, 71–86 (1975)
Zimmermann, F. K., Kern, R., Rasenberger, H.: A yeast strain for simultaneous detection of induced mitotic crossing over, mitotic gene conversion and reverse mutation. Mutation Res. 28, 381–388 (1975)
Zimmermann, F. K., Schwaier, R.: Induction of mitotic gene conversion with nitrous acid, 1-methyl-3-nitro-1-nitrosoguanidine and other alkylating agents in Saccharomyces cervisiae. Molec. gen. Genet. 100, 63–67 (1967)
Zimmermann, F. K., Schwaier, R., Laer, U, von: Mitotic recombination induced in Saccharomyces cerevisiae with nitrous acid, diethylsulfate and carcinogenic, alkylating nitrosamides. Z. Vererbungsl. 98, 230–246 (1966)
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by Ch. Auerbach
Dedicated to Prof. Dr. Dr. H. Marquardt on occasion of his 65th birthday.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Zimmermann, F.K., Vig, B.K. Mutagen specificity in the induction of mitotic crossing-over in Saccharomyces cerevisiae . Molec. Gen. Genet. 139, 255–268 (1975). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268976
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268976