Summary
Replicating phage DNA extracted from Bacillus subtilis infected with phage ϕ105 has a higher activity in transfection than mature DNA. By heteroduplex analysis it was shown that this DNA contains concatemeric molecules. Concatemers, constructed in vitro by treatment of mature DNA with T4-ligase also have an increased activity in transfection. DNA showing an increased activity in transfection does not have a requirement for more than one molecule per transfection event as is typically found for transfection with mature ϕ105 DNA. An explanation is given for this difference suggesting that the structure of the ends of the transfecting molecules play an important role in transfection.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Armentrout, R.W., Rutberg, L.: Heat induction of prophage ϕ105 in Bacillus subtilis: Replication of the bacterial and bacteriophage genomes. J. Virol. 8, 455–468 (1971)
Armentrout, R.W., Skoog, L., Rutberg, L.: Structure and biological activity of deoxyribonucleic acid from Bacillus bacteriophage ϕ105: Effects of Escherichia coli exonucleases. J. Virol. 7, 359–371 (1971)
Arwert, F., Venema, G.: Transformation in Bacillus subtilis. Fate of newly introduced transforming DNA. Molec. gen. Genet. 123, 195–198 (1973)
Davis, R., Simon, M., Davidson, N.: Electronmicroscopy heteroduplex methods for mapping regions of base sequence homology in nucleic acids. In: Methods in enzymology, Vol. XXI, D, pp. 413–428. New York: Academic Press 1971
Flock, J.-I.: Deletion mutants of temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage ϕ105. Molec. gen. Genet. 155, 241–247 (1977)
Flock, J.-I., Rutberg, L.: Mature DNA from temperate Bacillusphage ϕ105 requires recombination to be infectious in transfection. Molec. gen. Genet. 131, 301–311 (1974)
Földes, J., Trautner, T.A.: Infectious DNA from a newly isolated B. subtilis phage. Z. Vererbungsl. 95, 57–65 (1964)
Gass, K.B., Low, R.L., Cozzarelli, N.R.: Inhibition of a DNA polymerase from Bacillus subtilis by hydroxyphenylazopyrimidines. Proc. nat. Acad. Sci. (Wash.) 70, 103–107 (1973)
Green, D.M.: Infectivity of DNA isolated from Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage SP82. J. molec. Biol. 10, 438–451 (1964)
Green, D.M.: Intracellular inactivation of infective SP82 bacteriophage DNA. J. molec. Biol. 22, 1–13 (1966)
Green, D.M.: Gene dislinkage in transfection of SP82G phage DNA. Genetics 60, 673–680 (1968)
Hirokawa, H., Trautner, T.A., Lüder, G.: On the dose response in B. subtilis transfection. Involvement of aggregates in ϕ29 transfection. Molec. gen. Genetics 156, 263–266 (1977)
Okubo, S., Romig, W.R.: Impaired transformability of Bacillus subtilis mutant sensitive to mitomycin and ultraviolet radiation. J. molec. Biol. 15, 440–454 (1966)
Okubo, S., Strauss, B., Stodolsky, M.: The possible role of recombination in the infection of competent Bacillus subtilis by bacteriophage deoxyribonucleic acid. Virology 24, 552–562 (1964)
Reilley, B.E., Spizizen, J.: Bacteriophage deoxyribonucleate infection of competent Bacillus subtilis. J. Bact. 89, 782–790 (1965)
Romig, W.R.: Infection of Bacillus subtilis with phenol-extracted bacteriophages. Virology 16, 452–459 (1962)
Rutberg, L.: Mapping of a temperate bacteriophage active on Bacillus subtilis. J. Virol. 3, 38–44 (1969)
Rutberg, L., Armentrout, R.W.: Low-frequency rescue of a genetic marker in deoxyribonucleic acid from Bacillus bacteriophage ϕ105 by superinfecting bacteriophage. J. Virol. 6, 768–771 (1970)
Rutberg, L., Rutberg, B.: Characterization of infectious deoxyribonucleic acid from temperate Bacillus subtilis bacteriophage ϕ105. J. Virol. 5, 604–608 (1970)
Scher, B.M., Dean, D.H., Garro, A.J.: Fragmentation of Bacillus bacteriophage ϕ105 DNA by restriction endonuclease EcoR1: Evidence for complementary single-stranded DNA in the cohesive ends of the molecule. J. Virol. 23, 377–383 (1977)
Spatz, H.Ch., Trautner, T.A.: The role of recombination in transfection of Bacillus subtilis. Molec. gen. Genet. 113, 174–190 (1971)
Studier, W.: Sedimentation studies on the size and shape of DNA. J. molec. Biol. 11, 373–390 (1965)
Takahashi, S.: The starting point and direction of rolling circle replicative intermediates of coliphage lambda DNA. Molec. gen. Genet. 142, 137–153 (1975)
Vogt, V.M.: Purification and further properties of single strand specific nuclease from Aspergillus oryzae. Europ. J. Biochem. 33, 192–200 (1973)
Weiss, B.: DNA ligase from Escherichia coli infected with bacteriophage T4. In: Methods of enzymology; Vol. XXI, D. pp. 319–326. New York: Academic Press 1971.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by E. Bautz
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Flock, JI. Transfection with replicating DNA from the temperate Bacillus bacteriophage ϕ105 and with T4-ligase treated ϕ105 DNA: The importance in transfection of being longer than genome-length. Molec. Gen. Genet. 163, 7–15 (1978). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268958
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00268958