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Cortical and trabecular osteopenia after immobilization

A quantitative histological study of the rat knee

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Summary

The aim of this investigation was to examine the effect of short-term immobilization on subchondral cortical and trabecular bone tissue in the rat tibia and to determine whether there was any difference when the knee was immobilized in extension or flexion.

Thirty-six male rats were used in this study, and in 18 the knee was fixed in extension and in 18 in flexion. The time of immobilization was for 1, 2 and 3 weeks, with 12 animals in each group and 6 knees in extension and 6 in flexion.

The following parameters were measured: (1) the mean thickness of subchondral and both periosteal cortices; (2) cortical porosity; (3) trabecular bone volume; (4) relative osteoid volume, and (5) relative osteoid surface.

The mean cortical thickness decreased during the period of immobilization and the cortical porosity significantly increased. The trabecular bone volume was unaltered in the first week, but after 3 weeks it had decreased. The relative osteoid volume decreased significantly during the three weeks, and the relative osteoid surface moderately increased.

No relationship was found between the quantitative osteopenic alteration of subchondral bone and the position of immobilization.

Résumé

Le but de ce travail est d'étudier les effets d'une courte immobilisation vis-à-vis de l'os sous-chondral et du tissu spongieux et de rechercher sur le tibia du rat s'il existe une différence selon que le genou est immobilisé en extension ou en flexion. Trente-six rats mâles ont été utilisés pour cette expérimentation, chez 18 d'entre eux le genou a été immobilisé en extension et chez les 18 autres en flexion. L'immobilisation a duré une, deux ou trois semaines, pour trois groupes de 12, la moitié en extension, l'autre en flexion. On a mesuré les paramètres suivants: (1) épaisseur moyenne de l'os sous-chondral et de l'ensemble des corticales; (2) porosité de l'os cortical; (3) volume total de l'os spongieux; (4) volume relatif de l'os ostéoïde et (5) surface relative de l'os ostéoïde. L'épaisseur de l'os sous-chondral diminue pendant la période d'immobilisation tandis que la porosité corticale augmente de façon significative. Le volume du spongieux ne se modifie pas pendant la première semaine mais il commence à diminuer à partir de la troisième semaine. Le volume relatif de l'os ostéoïde diminue significativement au cours des trois semaines, cependant que sa surface relative augmente modérément. On n'a mis en évidence aucune relation entre une ostéopénie mesurable de l'os sous-chondral et la position d'immobilisation.

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Józsa, L., Réffy, A., Järvinen, M. et al. Cortical and trabecular osteopenia after immobilization. International Orthopaedics 12, 169–172 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266984

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266984

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