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The treatment of total ruptures of the achilles tendon by plaster immobilisation

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Summary

Twenty patients with total rupture of the Achilles tendon were treated by immobilisation in plaster in the gravitation-equinus position for eight weeks. All were healthy persons with a mean age of forty-three years. After removal of the plaster, seven patients had a re-rupture, four of whom were treated by operation, whilst two others sustained a deep vein thrombosis with an associated pulmonary embolus in one case.

At follow-up, between 6 and 29 months after the rupture, 16 patients had no complaints and the remaining four had only minor problems. The range of motion in the ankle joint was normal in all patients and the strength in the affected calf was restored to normal in the majority. However, the strength recovered less in those patients with re-rupture who were treated conservatively for the second time. Because of the high complication rate we consider plaster treatment inferior to surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture.

Résumé

Vingt sujets présentant une rupture complète du tendon d'Achille ont été traités par immobilisation dans un plâtre en équin pendant deux mois. Il s'agissait dans tous les cas d'individus bien portants, d'une moyenne d'âge de 43 ans. Après ablation du plâtre, sept malades ont vu survenir une rupture itérative, dont quatre ont dû être opérées, tandis que deux autres présentaient une thrombose des veines profondes, associée dans un cas à une embolie pulmonaire.

Lors de la révision, entre 6 et 29 mois après la rupture, 16 malades ne se plaignaient de rien et les quatre autres n'avaient que des problèmes mineurs. La mobilité de l'articulation tibio-tarsienne était normale chez tous et la force du triceps était restaurée chez la majorité d'entre eux. Cependant la force musculaire restait diminuée chez ceux qui avaient présenté une rupture itérative, de nouveau traitée orthopédiquement. En raison du pourcentage élevé de complications, les auteurs considèrent que le traitement des ruptures du tendon d'Achille par immobilisation plâtrée est inférieur au traitement chirurgical.

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Persson, A., Wredmark, T. The treatment of total ruptures of the achilles tendon by plaster immobilisation. International Orthopaedics 3, 149–152 (1979). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266886

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