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Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis; studies on an experimental model

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Summary

The progression of acute haematogenous osteomyelitis into a chronic infection was investigated in a group of ten dogs in which the infection was produced by injection of micropaque barium mixed with Staphylococcus aureus or Salmonella Group C-2 into the tibial nutrient artery. Antibiotics were not used.

Twenty four months later the infected limb of the surviving animals exhibited clinical, histological, radiological and microbiological changes which closeley resembled those found in chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis (CHO) in humans. We observed spontaneous fractures, skin fistulae, bone sequestration and active bone remodelling. The original infecting bacteria were often replaced by different microorganisms because of skin fistulae or haematogenous contamination. Although the initial mortality was high the surviving animals showed signs of local and systemic symbiosis with the infecting bacteria. In two animals the previously infected and remodelled bone failed to show histological evidence of infection.

This model may be useful in the study of a variety of factors affecting the natural history of CHO, particularly those encompassing the immunological response of the host.

Résumé

L'évolution de l'ostéomyélite aigüe vers une infection chronique a été étudiée sur un groupe de dix chiens chez qui la maladie a été produite par injection dans l'artère nourricière du tibia de micropaque au baryum mélangé de Staphylocoques dorés ou de Salmonelles du groupe C 2. On n'a pas utilisé d'antibiotiques.

Vingt-quatre mois plus tard, le membre infecté des animaux survivants présentait des modifications cliniques, histologiques, radiologiques et bactériologiques tout à fait comparables à celles que l'on observe chez l'homme atteint d'ostéomyélite hématogène chronique (O.H.C.).

On a pu ainsi observer des fractures spontanées, des fistules cutanées, des séquestres et des images de reconstruction osseuse. La bactérie infectante originelle a souvent été remplacée par d'autres micro-organismes, soit du fait des fistules, soit par contamination hématogène. Malgré une mortalité initiale élevée, les animaux survivants présentaient les signes d'une symbiose tant locale que systémique avec les bactéries infectantes. Chez deux animaux l'os, bien que préalablement infecté et remanié, n'a pas montré de signes histologiques d'infection.

Ce modèle peut être utile pour étudier un certain nombre de facteurs touchant à l'histoire naturelle de l'O.H.C., en particulier ceux qui concernent la réponse immunologique du sujet atteint.

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Deysine, M., Isenberg, H.D. & Steiner, G. Chronic haematogenous osteomyelitis; studies on an experimental model. International Orthopaedics 7, 69–78 (1983). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266454

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