Summary
Plants have been regenerated from short-and long-term in vitro somatic tissue cultures made from immature embryos of the hexaploid wheat cultivar “Chinese Spring”. The mitochondrial genome organization of each regenerated plantlet was studied, after one selfing, by probing Sal I-restricted total DNA with cloned Sal I fragments of wheat mitochondrial DNA derived from a segment of the genome, which displays marked structural changes in response to in vitro culture. Short-term in vitro cultures give rise to regenerated plants whose mitochondrial genome organization is either close to that of the parental cultivar or to that of embryogenic callus cultures, except for a single plant which has an organization resembling that of short-term non-embryogenic cultures. In contrast, all but one of the plants regenerated from long-term cultures exhibited a mitochondrial genome organization similar to that of long-term nonembryogenic cultures. In addition, extra labelled bands were detected in some of the regenerated plants with two of the probes used. These results emphasize the importance of the duration of the in vitro step preceding the regeneration process: the longer it is, the higher the probability is of obtaining mitochondrial DNA variability in regenerated plants. Furthermore, since increasing the duration of the in vitro stetp results in the production of regenerated plants with a mitochondrial genome organization resembling that of non-embryogenic tissue cultures, the question is thus raised as to whether regeneration from long-term cultures is suitable for use in plant breeding.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Agache S, De Buyser J, Henry Y, Snape JW (1988) Studies on the genetic relationship between anther culture and somatic tissue culture abilities in wheat. Plant Breed 100:26–33
Bowman CM, Koller B, Delius H, Dyer TA (1981) A physical map of wheat chloroplast DNA showing the location of the structural genes for the ribosomal RNAs and the large subunit of ribulose —1.5 —biphosphate carboxylase. Mol Gen Genet 183:93–101
De Buyser J, Henry Y, Lonnet P, Hertzog R (1987) Florin: a doubled haploid wheat variety developed by the anther culture method. Plant Breed 98:53–56
Dellaporta SL, Wood J, Hicks JB (1983) A plant DNA minipreparation: version II. Plant Mol Biol Rep 1:19–21
Falconet D, Lejeune B, Quétier F, Gray MW (1984) Evidence for homologous recombination between repeated sequences containing 18S and 5S ribosomal RNA genes in wheat mitochondrial DNA. EMBO J 3:297–302
Galiba G, Kovacs G, Sutka J (1986) Substitution analysis of plant regeneration from callus culture in wheat. Plant Breed 97:261–263
Gengenbach BG, Connelly JA, Pring DR, Conde MF (1981) Mitochondrial DNA variation in maize plants regenerated during tissue culture selection. Theor Appl Genet 59:161–167
Hartmann C, De Buyser J, Henry Y, Falconet D, Lejeune B, Benslimane A, Quétier F, Rode A (1987) Time-course of mitochondrial genome variation in wheat embryogenic somatic tissue cultures. Plant Sci 53:191–198
Hartmann C, Henry Y, De Buyser J, Lejeune B, Quétier F, Rode A (1988) A comparative study of the mitochondrial DNA organization in nonembryogenic and embryogenic somatic tissue cultures of wheat: evidence for a differential variability. G Bot Ital (in press)
Henry Y, De Buyser J (1985) Effect of the 1B/1R translocation on anther culture ability in wheat. Plant Cell Rep 4:307–310
Higgins P, Mathias RJ (1987) The effect of the 4B chromosomes of hexaploid wheat on the growth and regeneration of callus cultures. Theor Appl Genet 74:439–444
Kemble RJ, Shepard JF (1984) Cytoplasmic DNA variation in a potato protoclonal population. Theor Appl Genet 69:211–216
Maddock SE, Semple JT (1986) Field assessment of somaclonal variation in wheat. J Exp Bot 37:1065–1078
Maniatis T, Fritsch EF, Sambrook J (1982) Molecular cloning: a laboratory manual. Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Press, Cold Spring Harber/NY
Mathias RJ, Fukui K (1986) The effect of specific chromosome and cytoplasm substitutions on the tissue culture response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) callus. Theor Appl Genet 71:797–800
Mathias RJ, Fukui K, Law CN (1986) Cytoplasmic effects on the tissue culture response of wheat (Triticum aestivum) callus. Theor Appl Genet 72:70–75
McNay JW, Chourey PS, Pring DR (1984) Molecular analysis of genomic stability of mitochondrial DNA in tissue cultured cells of maize. Theor Appl Genet 67:433–437
Murashige T, Skoog F (1962) A revised medium for rapid growth and bioassays with tobacco tissue cultures. Physiol Plant 15:473–497
Picard E, De Buyser J, Henry Y (1978) Techniques de production d'haploïdes par culture d'anthères in vitro. Le sélectionneur français 26:25–37
Quétier F, Lejeune B, Delorme S, Falconet D, Jubier MF (1985) Molecular form and function of the wheat mitochondrial genome. In: Groot G, Hall T (eds) Molecular form and function of plant genomes. Plenum Press, New York, pp 413–420
Rhodes CA, Pierce DA, Mettler IJ, Mascarenhas D, Detmer JJ (1988) Genetically transformed maize plants from protoplasts. Science 240:204–207
Rode A, Hartmann C, Dron M, Picard E, Quétier F (1985) Organelle genome stability in anther-derived doubled haploids of wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. “Moisson”). Theor Appl Genet 71:320–324
Rode A, Hartmann C, Falconet D, Lejeune B, Quétier F, Benslimane A, Henry Y, De Buyser J (1987a) Extensive mitochondrial DNA variation in somatic tissue cultures initiated from immature embryos. Curr Genet 12:369–376
Rode A, Hartmann C, Benslimane A, Picard E, Quétier F (1987b) Gametoclonal variation detected in the nuclear ribosomal DNA from doubled haploid lines of a spring wheat (Triticum aestivum L., cv. “César”). Theor Appl Genet 74:31–37
Rode A, Hartmann C, De Buyser J, Henry Y (1988) Evidence for a direct relationship between mitochondrial genome organization and regeneration ability in hexaploid wheat somatic tissue cultures. Curr Genet 14:387–394
Small ID, Isaac PG, Leaver CJ (1987) Stoichiometric differences in DNA molecules containing the atpA gene suggest mechanisms for the generation of mitochondrial genome diversity in maize. EMBO J 6:865–869
Southern EM (1975) Detection of specific sequences among DNA fragments separated by gel electrophoresis. J Mol Biol 98:503–517
Zhang YL, Li DS (1984) Anther culture of monosomics in Triticum aestivum. Hereditas 6:7–10
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Communicated by K. Tsunewaki
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hartmann, C., Henry, Y., De Buyser, J. et al. Identification of new mitochondrial genome organizations in wheat plants regenerated from somatic tissue cultures. Theoret. Appl. Genetics 77, 169–175 (1989). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266182
Received:
Accepted:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00266182