Summary
Reduced viscosities (specific viscosity divided by concentration) of polystyrene spheres (diam. ca. 120 nm) show the quite different concentration dependencies when their charge densities (c.d.) and monodispersities (m.d.) are different. A sharp peak, which corresponds to the transition between liquid-like and crystal-like structures, is observed for spheres having low c.d. and high m.d. The rigidities and yield stresses of crystal-like structures, which are evaluated from the steady-flow viscometry, are sensitive to c.d. and m.d. The way the viscometric properties are influenced by c.d. and m.d. of spheres demonstrates that the electrostatic intersphere repulsion and the elongated Debye-screening length around sphere are both essential for the appearance of the extraordinary crystal-like and liquid-like structures in deionized colloidal spheres.
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Okubo, T. The viscosity of colloidal spheres in deionized suspension The importance of charge density and monodispersity of polystyrene spheres. Polymer Bulletin 20, 269–276 (1988). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00261980
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00261980