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Zur Physiologie invasionsfähiger Larven der Trichostrongylidae

On the Physiology of Invasive Larvae of Trichostongylidae

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Zusammenfassung

Der Sauerstoffverbrauch invasionsfähiger 3. Larven einiger Trichostrongyliden-Arten wurde mit der manometrischen Technik nach Warburg (direkte Methode) gemessen und der Einfluß verschiedener Faktoren auf die Atmung untersucht. Folgende Ergebnisse wurden erzielt:

  1. 1.

    Der endogene O2-Verbrauch der 3. Larven von Cooperia punctata betrug bei 25° C in Phosphatpuffer von pH 7,0 durchschnittlich (247 Messungen) 5,4 (s=±1,6) μ1/Std/mg Trockensubstanz.

  2. 2.

    Die 3. Larven von Haemonchus contortus verbrauchten signifikant mehr Sauerstoff (8,3, s=±2,67 μl) als die Larven von Cooperia punctata und Trichostrongylus colubriformis, zwischen denen keine deutlichen Unterschiede nachweisbar waren.

  3. 3.

    Der O2-Verbrauch der 3. Larven von Cooperia punctata nahm bei steigender Temperatur im Bereich von 15–40° C zu. Die Darstellung der QO 2-Werte nach der Arrhenius-Formel ergab zwei Geraden, die sich bei 30° C schneiden. Die Larven hatten etwa gleichgroße O2-Aufnahmen in Phosphatpuffer von pH 5,0; 7,0 oder 7,8; in Universalpuffer waren die Werte bei pH 4,1 und 10,0 höher als bei pH 7,1. In 0,5–3,0% igen NaCl-Lösungen zeigten die Larven in Experimenten von 3 Std Dauer keine deutlichen Unterschiede im O2-Verbrauch im Vergleich zu Larven in Wasser; nach 48 Std langer Inkubation in 3,0% iger NaCl-Lösung war die Atmung jedoch geringer als in 1% iger NaCl-Lösung oder in Wasser. Die Verminderung der Sauerstoffspannung der Gasphase von 21% auf 5% beeinflußte den O2-Verbrauch der Larven nicht signifikant, er war aber in 100% O2 deutlich erniedrigt. Physiologisch junge Larven von Cooperia punctata enthielten 24% Lipide und 10% Stickstoff in der Kohlenhydrat-freien Trockensubstanz. Während einer 41tägigen Inkubationszeit in Wasser bei 30° C nahmen der O2-Verbrauch sowie der Gehalt an Lipiden und Eiweiß ab; Lipide wurden relativ stärker verbraucht als Eiweißstoffe. Die Zugabe von Glukose (0,1%) oder Antibiotika zum Medium veränderte den O2-Verbrauch der Larven nicht.

  4. 4.

    In einer Gasphase von Stickstoff (O2-Gehalt<0,001%) gingen bei 39° C 100% der 3. Larven von Cooperia punctata in 72 Std zugrunde, die 1. und 2. Larven dieser Art in 5 Std und die 3. Larven von Strongyloides papillosus in 7 Std. Bei 25° C waren die Überlebenszeiten länger.

Summary

The oxygen consumption of the infective third stage larvae of some species of trichostrongylids parasitizing ruminants was studied by means of Warburg's direct method and the influence of several factors on the respiratory rate was examined. The following results were obtained:

  1. 1.

    The endogenous respiration of third stage larvae of Cooperia punctata was 5.4 (s=±1.6) μl/hr/dry substance in phosphate buffer (pH 7.0; 247 measurements, 25° C).

  2. 2.

    The respiratory rate of Trichostrongylus colubriformis larvae was not different from that of Cooperia punctata, but that of the third stage larvae of Haemonchus contortus was higher (8.3, s=±2.67 μl).

  3. 3.

    The oxygen uptake of the third stage Cooperia punctata larvae increased with increasing temperature in the range of 15 to 40° C, the application of Arrhenius' equation leading to two bisecting lines. The larvae showed identical respiration rates in phosphate buffer of pH 5.0, 7.0, and 7.8, but in universal buffer the rates were higher at 4.1 and 10.0 than at 7.1. No significant differences in respiratory rates were found in solutions of 0.5 to 3.0% NaCl when compared to those observed in water during experiments lasting 3 hours. But after 48 hours incubation in 3% NaCl solution the respiratory rate was lower than in 1% NaCl solution or in water. Lowering the oxygen content of the gas phase from 21% to 5% did not alter the oxygen uptake significantly, but it was definitely depressed in 100% oxygen. Physiologically young larvae of Cooperia punctata contained 24% lipid and 10% nitrogen in the carbohydrate-free dry substance. During a 41 days incubation period in water of 30° C the rate of oxygen consumption, the content of lipids and nitrogen decreased significantly, relatively more lipids than proteins were utilized. Addition of glucose (0,1%) or antibiotics to the medium did not influence the oxygen uptake of the larvae.

  4. 4.

    If the gas phase was nitrogen (O2 content<0,001%) 100% of the third stage larvae of Cooperia punctata died within 72 hours (Temp. 39° C). The first and second stage larvae of this species survived 5 hours and the third stage larvae of Strongyloides papillosus 7 hours. At a temperature of 25° C the survival times were longer.

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Abbreviations

QO 2μl O2/Std/mg TS :

μl Sauerstoffverbrauch pro Stunde pro mg TS

TS :

Trockensubstanz

TS—AS :

Trockensubstanz minus Anthron-positive Substanzen

VT :

Versuchstemperatur

s :

Streuung

t :

t-Wert

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  1. Institut für Parasitologie der Tierärztlichen Hochschule Hannover, Germany

    J. Eckert

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Eckert, J. Zur Physiologie invasionsfähiger Larven der Trichostrongylidae. Z. F. Parasitenkunde 29, 209–241 (1967). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00260181

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