Zusammenfassung
1. Als Zwischenwirt für Macdonaldius oschei konnte eine neuweltliche Lederzecke, Ornithodoros talaje, ermittelt werden. Die Mikrofilarien entwickeln sich im Lumen der Malpighischen Gefäße im Laufe von 3 Wochen zum infektionsfähigen Stadium.
2. Die Entwicklung in der Zecke umfaßt 3 Stadien, wobei ein charakteristisches „sausage“-Stadium, wie bei verschiedenen Dipetalonema-Arten fehlt. Das infektionsfähige 3. Stadium findet sich im Bereich der Mundwerkzeuge des Zwischenwirtes. Die Larven sind mit ca. 2 mm Länge verhältnismäßig groß.
Literatur
Anderson, R. C.: The life cycle and seasonal transmission of Ornithofilaria fallisensis Anderson, a parasite of domestic and wild ducks. Canad. J. Zool. 34, 485–525 (1956).
— Observations on the life-cycles of Diplotriaenoides translucidus Anderson and members of the genus Diplotriaena. Canad. J. Zool. 35, 15–24 (1957).
— On the development, morphology and experimental transmission of Diplotriaena bargusinica (Filarioidea: Diplotriaenidae). Cand. J. Zool. 40, 1175–1186 (1962).
— Besprechung des Werkes: Yamaguti, S.: Systema Helminthum, vol. III. The nematodes of vertebrates. Helminth. Abstr. 32, 118–119 (1963), Abstr. Nr 902.
Arthur, D. R.: Ticks and disease. London and New York: Pergamon Press 1962.
Augustine, D. L.: Observations on living “sheathed” Microfilariae in the capillary circulation. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 31, 55–60 (1937).
—, and M. E. Field: Observations on living Microfilaria immitis in the capillary circulation of bats. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 30, 231–232 (1936).
Balthazard, M., A. G. Chabaud, Ch. Mofidi et A. Minou: Une nouvelle filaire “de laboratoire”. Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 28, 387–391 (1953).
Baumann, R.: Beobachtungen beim parasitären Sommerbluten der Pferde. Wien. tierärztl. Mschr. 33, 52 (1946).
Bertram, D. S.: The transmission of experimental filariasis, S. 113–122 in: Biological aspects of the transmission of disease by C. Hoston-Smith. Edinburgh: Oliver & Boyd 1957.
Blacklock, D. B.: The further development of Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart in Simulium damnosum Theob. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 20, 203–218 (1926).
Bray, R. L., and B. C. Walton: The life cycle of Dirofilaria uniformis and transmission to wild and laboratory rabbits. J. Parasit. 47, 13–23 (1961).
Brug, S. L., en H. De Rook: Filariasis in Ned.-Ind. II. De overbrenging van Filaria Malaji. Geneesk. T. Ned.-Ind. Deel 70, 451–474 (1930).
— Chitinisation of parasites in mosquitoes. Bull. ent. Res. 23, 229 (1932).
Buckley, J. J. C.: On the development in Culicoides furens Poey, of Filaria (= Mansonella) ozzardi Manson, 1897. J. Helminth. 12, 99–118 (1934).
— On Culicoides as a vector of Onchocerca gibsoni (Cleland and Johnston, 1910). J. Helminth. 16, 121–158 (1938).
Burton, G. J.: A preliminary note concerning development of larval stages of Brugia malayi and Wuchereria bancrofti in the bedbug in coastal filarial areas of Kerala State, South India. Ind. J. Malar. 14, 593–594 (1960).
— Observations on filarial larvae in bedbugs feeding on human carriers of Wuchereria bancrofti and Brugia malayi in South India. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 11, 68–75 (1962).
Causey, R. O.: Development of the larval stages of Foleyella brachyoptera in mosquitoes. Amer. J. Hyg. 30, 69–71 (1939).
Chabaud, A. G.: Sur le cycle évolutif des spirurides et de nématodes ayant une biologie comparable: valeur systématique des charaktères biologiques (suite). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 29, 206–249 (1954).
—, et R. C. Anderson: Nouvel essai de classification des filaires (superfamille des Filarioidea). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 34, 64–87 (1959).
—, et E. R. Brygoo: Nématodes parasites de caméléons malgaches. Deuxieme note. Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 37, 569–602 (1962).
—, et M. T. Choquet: Nouvel essai de classification des filaires (superfamille des Filarioidea). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 28, 172–192 (1953).
—, et W. Frank: Nouvelle filaire parasite des artères de Pythons: Macdonaldius oschei n. sp. (Nematodes, Onchocercidae). Z. Parasitenk. 20, 434–439 (1961 a).
— Description de la microfilaire de Macdonaldius oschei. Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 36, 133–134 (1961 b).
— Les filaires de l'Heloderme (Note additive). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 36, 804–805 (1961 c).
— Nouvelle filaires parasite des artères de l'Heloderma suspectum Cope: Macdonaldius andersoni n. sp. (Nematodes, Onchocercidae). Ann. Parasit. hum. comp. 36, 127–133 (1961 d).
Crewe, W.: The rate of development of larvae of Loa loa in Chrysops silacea at Kumba, and the effect of temperature upon it. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 55, 211–216 (1961).
D'Herelle, F., et H. Seidelin: Sur deux microfilaires du sang des serpents. C. R. Soc. Biol. (Paris) 67, 407–409 (1909).
Dutton, J. E.: The intermediary host of Filaria cypseli (Annett, Dutton, Elliott); the filaria of the African swift, Cypselus affinis. Thomp. Yates and Johnston Lab. Rep. n. s. 6, 137–147 (1904).
Duxbary, R. E., A. P. Moon, and E. H. Sadun: Susceptibility and resistance of Anopheles quadrimaculatus to Dirofilaria uniformis. J. Parasit. 46, 27–28 (1960).
Enigk, K., u. J. Grittner: Die Exkretion der Zecken. Z. Tropenmed. Parasit. 4, 77–94 (1952).
Esslinger, J. H.: Behavior of microfilariae of Brugia pahangi in Anopheles quadrimaculatus. Amer. J. trop. Med. Hyg. 11, 749–758 (1962).
Evans, B. R., W. G. Phillips, and W. E. Bickley: Studies of 12 species of mosquitoes as potential vectors of filariae affecting skunks, squirrels and racoons in Maryland. Bull. Maryland Agric. Exp. Station Nr. A-99 (1959), 31 S.
Feng, L. C.: Experiments with Dirofilaria immitis and local species of mosquitoes in Peiping, North China. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 24, 347–362 (1930).
Frank, W.: Die pathogenen Wirkungen von Macdonaldius oschei Chabaud et Frank 1961 (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) bei verschiedenen Arten von Schlangen (Reptilia, Ophidia). Z. Parasitenk. 24, 249–275 (1964a).
-- Die Übertragung der Filarien-Infektionsstadien von Macdonaldius oschei Chabaud et Frank 1961 (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) durch Ornithodoros talaje (Ixodoidea, Argasidae) auf den Endwirt; zugleich ein Beitrag zur Biologie des Überträgers. Z. Parasitenk. 24, im Druck (1964b).
-- Neubeschreibung einer Filarie, Macdonaldius pflugfelderi n. spec. (Nematodes, Filarioidea) aus der Muskulatur der Wasseragame, Physignathus lesueurii (Gray) (Reptilia, Agamidae). Z. Parasitenk. 24, im Druck (1964c).
Freer, Ph. M.: Observations on the early fate of the microfilariae of Litomosoides carinii (Travassos, 1919), filarial parasite of the cotton rat, after their ingestion by the vector, Bdellonyssus bacoti (Hirst, 1913). Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 47, 13–25 (1953).
Fülleborn, F.: Über Filaria volvulus (Leuckart). Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropenhyg. 12, (1908), Beiheft 7 (1908).
--Über Versuche an Hundefilarien und deren Übertragung durch Mücken. Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropenhyg. 12 (1908), Beiheft 8, 311–351 (1908).
-- Untersuchungen an menschlichen Filarien und deren Übertragung auf Stechmücken. Arch. Schiffs- u. Tropenhyg. 12 (1908), Beiheft Nr. 9 (1908).
Gibbins, E. G.: The mouth-parts of the female in Simulium damnosum Theobald, with special reference to the transmission of Onchocerca volvulus Leuckart. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 32, 9 (1938).
Gnedina, M. P., and A. N. Osipov: The biology of the causative agent of parafilariosis in horses. Veterinariya 37, 49–50 (1960a) [Russisch].
— The life-cycle of Parafilaria multipapillosa (Condamine and Drouilly, 1878), parasitic in the horse. Dokl. Akad. Nauk SSSR 131, 1214–1221 (1960b) [Russisch].
— Contribution to the biology of Parafilaria multipapillosa (Condamine and Drouilly, 1878), parasitic in the horse. Helminthologia (Bratisl.) 2, 13–16 (1960c) [Russisch mit engl., franz. u. dtsch. Zus.-fass.].
Gordon, R. M., and W. H. R. Lumsden: A study of the behavior of the mouthparts of mosquitoes when taking up blood from living tissue; together with some observations on the ingestion of microfilariae. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 33, 259–278 (1939).
Grassi, B., u. S. Calandruccio: Über Haematozoon Lewis. Entwicklungszyklus einer Filarie (Filaria recondita Grassi) des Hundes. Zbl. Bakt., Parasitk. 7, 18–26 (1890).
Heisch, R. B., G. S. Nelson, and M. Furlong: Studies on filariasis in East Africa. I. Filariasis on the island of Pate. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 53, 41–53 (1959).
Highby, P. R.: The development of Dipetalonema diacantha and Dirofilaria spinosa in mosquitoes. J. Parasit. 25, Abstracts p. 15, Nr 23 (1939).
— Mosquito vectors and larval development of Dipetalonema arbuta Highby (Nematoda) from the porcupine, Erethizon dorsatum. J. Parasit. 29, 243–252 (1943a).
Highby, P. R.: Vectors, transmission, development and incidence of Dirofilaria scapiceps (Leidy, 1886) (Nematoda) from the snowshoe hare in Minnesota. J. Parasit. 29, 253–259 (1943b).
Hughes, T. E.: Some stages of Litomosoides carinii in Liponyssus bacoti. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 44, 285–290 (1950).
Jordan, P., and K. D. Goatly: Bancroftian filariasis in Tanganyika: a quantitative study of the uptake, fate and development of Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex fatigans. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 56, 173–187 (1962).
Kartman, L.: Factors influencing infection of the mosquito with Dirofilaria immitis (Leidy, 1856). Exp. Parasit. 2, 27–78 (1953).
Kershaw, W. E., R. L. Plackett, P. J. Moore, and P. Williams: Studies on the intake of microfilariae by their insect vectors their survival, and their effect on the survival of their vectors. IX. The pattern of the frequency of the bloodmeals taken in by Chrysops silacea and of the survival of the fly in natural conditions in the rainforest of the British Cameroons and on a rubber estate in the Niger delta. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 51, 26–37 (1957).
Kotcher, E.: Studies on the development of frog Filariae. Amer. J. Hyg. 34, 36–65 (1941).
Kotlan, A.: Helminthologie. Budapest: Akadémiai Kiadó 1961.
Krishnaswami, A. K., K. S. Krishnan, N. G. S. Raghavan, and V. N. Bhatnagar: Studies in transmission of filariasis. I. Effect of D. repens infection in the longevity of Aedes aegypti. Bull. Soc. of India for Malaria and other Mosquito-Borne Dis. 7, 95–101 (1959).
Laurence, B. R., and F. R. N. Pester: Some aspects of the development of Brugia patei Buckley, Nelson and Heisch in Mansonia (Mansonioides) uniformis Theo. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 54, 3 (1960).
— The ability of Anopheles gambiae Giles to transmit Brugia patei (Buckley, Nelson, and Heisch). J. trop. Med. Hyg. 64, 169–171 (1961).
Lavoipierre, M. M. J.: Studies on the host-parasite relationships of filarial nematodes and their arthropod hosts. II. The arthropod as a host, to the nematode: A brief appraisal of our present knowledge, based on a study of the more important literature from 1878 to 1957. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 52, 326–345 (1958).
López-Neyra, C. R.: Revision de la Superfamilia Filarioidea (Weinland 1858). Rev. lberico Parasitol. 16, 3–212 (1956).
— Revision de la Superfamilia Filarioidea (Weinland 1858). Rev. lberico Parasitol. 17, 169–273 (1957).
Losev, L. A., E. P. Erokhian, and A. F. Nikanorov: Parafilariosis of horses in the territories of the lower Volga. Skrjabin Jubilee Vol. 333 (1937) Moscow [Russisch].
Mackerras, M. J.: Filiarial parasites (Nematoda: Filarioidea) of Australian animals. Austr. J. Zool. 10, 400–457 (1962).
Manson, P.: Further observations on Filaria sanguinis hominis. Med. Rept. Imp. Maritime Customs China 1877, 14th issue 1878.
— On the development of Filaria sanguinis hominis and on the mosquito considered as a nurse. J. Linn. Soc. Lond. (Zool.) 14, 304–311 (1879).
Nelson, G. S.: On Dipetalonema manson-bahri n. sp., from the spring-hare, Pedetes surdaster larvalis, with a note on its development in fleas. J. Helminth. 35, 143–160 (1961).
— Dipetalonema reconditum (Grassi 1889 from the dog with a note on its development in the flea, Ctenocephalides felis and the louse, Heterodoxus spiniger. J. Helminth. 36, 297–308 (1962a).
— Observations on the development of Setaria labiatopapillosa using new techniques for infecting Aedes aegypti with this nematode. J. Helminth. 36, 281–296 (1962b).
Nelson G. S.: Dipetalonema dracunculoides (Cobbold 1870) from the dog in Kenya: with a note on its development in the louse-fly, Hippobosca longipennis. J. Helminth. 37, 235–240 (1963).
Newton, W. L., and W. H. Wright: The occurrence of a dog filariid other than Dirofilaria immitis in the United States. J. Parasit. 42, 246–256 (1956).
Noè, G.: Sul ciclo evolutivo della Filaria bancrofti (Cobbold) e della Filaria immitis (Leidy). Ric. Lab. anat. norm. Univ. Roma 8, 275–353 (1901).
—: Il cycle evolutivo cella Filaria grassii, mihi 1907. R. C. Accad. Lincei 17, 282–291 (1908).
O'Connor, F. W., and H. Beatty: The early migrations of Wuchereria bancrofti in Culex fatigans. Trans. roy. Soc. trop. Med. Hyg. 30, 125–127 (1936).
Omori, N.: Experimental studies on the role of the house mosquito, Culex pipiens pallens in the transmission of bancroftian filariasis. VI. Effects of short-term exposure to low temperatures on the surival of filariae in mosquito. Endemic Dis. Bull. Nagasaki Univ. 4, 1–9 (1962).
Pandit, C. G., S. R. Pandit, and P. V. S. Iyer: The development of the Filaria Conispiculum guindiensis (1929) in C. fatigans, with a note on the transmission of the infection. Indian. J. med. Res. 17, 421–429 (1929/30).
Piennar, Uys de Villiers: Haematology of some south african reptiles. Johannesburg/Witwatersrand University Press 1962.
Pistey, W. R.: Studies on the mortality of mosquitoes infected with Dirofilaria tenuis Chandler 1942. Exp. Parasit. 8, 596–608 (1959).
Seidelin, H.: Notes on some blood parasites in reptiles. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 5, 371–384 (1911).
Smith, A. J.: A new filarial species (F. mitschelli, n. s.) found in Heloderma suspectum, and its larvae in a tick parasitic upon the gila monster. Univ. Pennsylv. med. Bull. 23, 487–497 (1910).
Symes, C. B., and J. U. Mataika: Observations on Microfilaria fijiensis Yeh, Symes and Mataika, 1858 from fruit bats (Pteropus hawaiiensis in Fiji). J. Helminth. 33, 223–232 (1959).
Taylor, A. E. R.: Studies on the microfilariae of Loa loa, Wuchereria bancrofti, Brugia malaya, Dirofilaria immitis, D. repens and D. aethiops. J. Helminth. 34, 13–26 (1960a).
— The development of Dirofilaria immitis in the mosquito Aedes aegypti. J. Helminth. 34, 27–38 (1960b).
Thorne, G.: Principles of nematology. New York and London: McGraw-Hill Book Co. 1961.
Wharton, R. H.: Studies on filariasis in Malaya. The efficiency of Mansonia longipalpis as an experimental vector of Wuchereria malayi. Ann. trop. Med. Parasit. 51, 422–439 (1957).
— Dirofilaria magnilarvatum Price, 1959 (Nematoda: Filarioidea) from Macaca irus Cuvier. IV. Notes on larval development in Mansonoides mosquitoes. J. Parasit. 45, 513–518 (1959).
Williams, R. W.: Studies on the life cycle of Litomosoides carinii, filariid parasite of the cotton rat, Sigmodon hispidus litoralis. J. Parasit. 34, 24–43 (1948).
Yamaguti, S.: Systema helminthum, vol. III (1,2). The nematodes of vertebrates, part I, 679 S.; part II, 681–1261 S. New York: Interscience Publisher Inc. 1961.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Additional information
Mit 14 Textabbildungen
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Frank, W. Die Entwicklung von Macdonaldius oschei Chabaud et Frank 1961 (Filarioidea, Onchocercidae) in der Lederzecke Ornithodoros talaje Guérin-Méneville (Ixodoidea, Argasidae) . Z. F. Parasitenkunde 24, 319–350 (1964). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259949
Received:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259949