Zusammenfassung
Adulte Vertreter der Gattung Proctoeces sind aus Fischen tropischer und subtropischer Meere bekannt und, als progenetische Metacercarien aufgefaßt, aus einigen marinen Mollusken. Jetzt wurden adulte Trematoden einer neuen Art, P. buccini, in der Niere der Wellhornschnecke (Buccinum undatum) und einer weiteren Art in der Niere der Großen Pfeffermuschel (Scrobicularia plana) gefunden. Letztere ist bereits von Freeman und Llewellyn (1958) aus der gleichen Muschel beschrieben und als P. subtenuis (Linton, 1907) identifiziert worden, einem Parasiten von Fischen der Bermudas, von dem sie sich aber deutlich unterscheidet und deswegen neu benannt wird.
P. buccini wurde nur in 5,4% der Schnecken, aber in sehr hoher Individuenzahl (bis 180) gefunden, woraus geschlossen wird, daß sich der gesamte Entwicklungszyklus in einer Schnecke abspielt. P. scrobiculariae dagegen kommt in 62% der Muscheln vor, mit jeweils nur 2–3 Individuen, was an Infektion durch einen Zwischenwirt denken läßt.
P. erythraeus scheint keine valide Art zu sein. Identifizierungen verschiedener Proctoeces-Formen mit P. maculatus und P. subtenuis sollten im Lichte zoogeographischer Überlegungen und besserer morphologischer Vergleiche neu überprüft werden.
Summary
Adult members of the genus Proctoeces are known from fishes of tropical and subtropical seas and from some marine molluses. The latter were usually interpreted as progenetic metacercariae. The present author found adults of a new species, P. buccini, in the kidney of the Common Whelk (Buccinum undatum) and adults of another species in the kidney of the bivalve Scobicularia plana. This last one has already been described by Freeman and Llewellyn (1958). They referred the species to P. subtenuis (Linton, 1907), a parasite of Bermuda fishes from which, however, it can be distinguished clearly. It is, therefore, considered as a separate species, P. scrobiculariae. The new species are compared with each other and with the already known ones.
Both trematodes are interpreted as true adults and not as progenetic metacereariae for they have never been found as natural parasites in fishes of Northern Europe where the main vertebrate hosts of the genus Proctoeces (Labrids and Sparids) are lacking. P. buccini seems to complete its whole life cycle within the whelk as can be concluded from the large number of worms per snail (up to 180) and the low rate of infection (5 out of 93 whelks). On the other hand only a few specimen of P. scrobiculariae are to be found in each bivalve (1–4) whereas the infection rate is high in the host population (62%). This indicates an infection through cercariae shed by an intermediate host.
P. erythraeus seems not to be a valid species. Identifications of several forms of Proctoeces from all over the world with P. maculatus and P. subtenuis should be reexamined in the light of zoogeographical considerations and better morphological comparisons.
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Loos-Frank, B. Zwei adulte Trematoden aus Nordsee-Mollusken: Proctoeces buccini n. sp. und P. scrobiculariae n. sp.. Z. F. Parasitenkunde 32, 324–340 (1969). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259645
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259645