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Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen an den Sinnesrezeptoren der Trematoden

Light-microscopic studies on the sense receptors of trematodes

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Zusammenfassung

Die Sinnesrezeptoren der folgenden Trematodenarten wurden in vivo, in mit Silber imprägnierten Gesamtpräparaten sowie in mit Harnstoff-Silbernitrat oder Kupfersulfat-Silbernitrat gefärbten Schnitten untersucht: Polystomoides malayi Rohde, P. renschi Rohde, P. asiaticus Rohde, P. siebenrockiellae Rohde (Monogenea); Multicotyle purvisi Dawes (Adulti und Larven, Aspidogastrea); Diaschistorchis multitesticularis Rohde, Catatropis indica Srivastava (Sporocysten, Tochterredien und Cercarien, Digenea).

Polystomoides renschi besitzt lange Sinneshaare, jedoch keine deutlich gefärbten Sinneskapseln. Ferner wurde ein subkutikulärer Nervenplexus nachgewiesen, dessen freie Nervenendigungen vielleicht eine Sinnesfunktion haben. Bipolare Ganglienzellen mit büschelartigen Endigungen in der Ringmuskelschicht von P. malayi sind wahrscheinlich motorische Elemente.

Adulti von Multicotyle purvisi besitzen die folgenden Sinnesrezeptoren: Große Sinneskapseln mit verdickter Sinnesfaser und Sinneshaar oder Endplatte, kleine Sinneskapseln mit dünner Nervenfaser und langem Sinneshaar, große Sinnesscheiben der Saugscheibe, kleine subkutikuläre Sinneskapseln, Nervenschleifen, kompakte Sinneskörper der Mundgegend mit oder ohne Kapsel, Nervenknäuel, mittelgroße Sinneskapseln in Lippe und Mundhöhle mit sehr sehr dicker T-förmiger Endplatte, freie subkutikuläre Nervenendigungen oft mit T-förmiger Endigung, wahrscheinlich freie Sinneshaare.

Die freien Larven von Multicotyle purvisi haben Sinneskapseln mit dünner Nervenfaser und langem Sinneshaar, die den entsprechenden kleinen Sinneskapseln der Adulti ähneln. In mit Silber imprägnierten Gesamtpräparaten erscheinen die Öffnungen der Sinneskapseln an der Oberfläche, durch die die Sinneshaare dringen, als dunkel gefärbte „Papillen“. In der Wand der Mundhöhle und des hinteren Saugnapfes liegen kompakte Körper, die vielleicht Sinnesrezeptoren darstellen.

Die Adulti von Diaschistorchis multitesticularis und die Cercarien von Catatropis indica besitzen die bereits von anderen Digenea bekannten Sinneskapseln. Bei der letzteren Art wurden auch freie, oft T-förmige Nervenendigungen nachgewiesen. Die Tochterredie dieser Art hat 2 und 9 μ lange unbewegliche Sinneshaare.

Die Bedeutung des Vorkommens der großen Zahl verschiedener Sinnesrezeptoren bei Multicotyle purvisi für die Ökologie des Parasiten wird besprochen.

Summary

The sense receptors of the following trematode species were examined in vivo, in total preparations impregnated with silver, and in sections stained with urea — silver nitrate or copper sulfate — silver nitrate: Polystomoides malayi Rohde, P. renschi Rohde, P. asiaticus Rohde, P. siebenrockiellae Rohde (Monogenea); Multicotyle purvisi Dawes (adults and larvae, Aspidogastrea); Diaschistorchis multitesticularis Rohde, Catatropis indica Srivastava (sporocysts, daughter rediae and cercariae, Digenea).

Polystomoides renschi has long sensory hairs, but no distinctly stained sensory capsules. Furthermore, a subcuticular nerve plexus was demonstrated whose free endings may possibly have a sensory function. Bipolar ganglion cells with fan-like endings in the layer of circular muscles of P. malayi are probably motor elements.

Adults of Multicotyle purvisi have the following sense receptors: large sensory capsules with a thick fibre and a short sensory hair or terminal plate, small sensory capsules with a thin fibre and a long sensory hair, large sensory disks of the ventral disk, small subcuticular sensory capsules, nerve loops, compact sensory bodies in the oral area with or without capsule, nerve coils, medium sized sensory capsules in the lip and mouth cavity with a very thick T-shaped terminal plate, free sub-cuticular nerve endings often with a T-shaped ending, probably free sensory hairs.

Free larvae of Multicotyle purvisi have sensory capsules with a thin nerve fibre and a long sensory hair which are similar to the small sensory capsules of the adults. In total preparations impregnated with silver, the openings of the capsules at the surface, which are penetrated by the sensory hairs, appear as darkly stained “papillae”. Compact bodies, which are perhaps sense receptors, are located in the wall of the mouth cavity and the acetabulum.

The adults of Diaschistorchis multitesticularis and the cercariae of Catatropis indica have sensory capsules like those known from other Digenea. In the latter species, free, often T-shaped nerve endings were demonstrated. The daughter redia of this species has sensory hairs which are 2 or 9 μ long and not actively moving.

The significance of the presence of a great number of different sense receptors in Multicotyle purvisi for the ecology of the parasite is discussed.

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    Klaus Rohde

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Rohde, K. Lichtmikroskopische Untersuchungen an den Sinnesrezeptoren der Trematoden. Z. F. Parasitenkunde 30, 252–277 (1968). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00259634

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