Summary
The initiation effect of ammonia on the polymerization of isobutylene in the presence of VCl4 has been revealed. The polymerizations were carried out in the dark without solvent and in heptane solution in the temperature range between 263 and 198 K, where the molecular weight of the polymer increased linearly with decreasing temperature (log Mη against 1/T). The polymer yield depended on the molar ratio of ammonia to VCl4 and was highest at 1∶1, but the polymerizations proceeded also at a molar ratio higher than 1. At NH3/VCl4 = 1 the polymerization rate increased with VCl4 concentration and with decreasing temperature.
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Toman, L., Marek, M. The polymerization of isobutylene with VCl4 and ammonia. Polymer Bulletin 6, 571–576 (1982). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00255157
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/BF00255157